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airport charges), 31 (Airport charging systems), 44-45 (The cost basis for air navigation services charges), 46 (Allocation
of costs of air navigation services among aeronautical users) and 47 (Air navigation services charging systems) of the
present document. This information is published on the ICAO website (http://www.icao.int) in the form of a supplement to
this document and is updated from time to time.
ICAO’s Policies on Charges for
2 Airports and Air Navigation Services
7. A glossary of terms as used in the present policies on charges is contained in Appendix 3. To assist States
in the implementation of the policies, the ICAO Secretariat has developed and maintains two manuals: the Airport
Economics Manual (Doc 9562) and the Manual on Air Navigation Services Economics (Doc 9161). Parallel Assembly
and Council policy on the regulation of air carriers is contained in Policy and Guidance Material on the Economic
Regulation of International Air Transport (Doc 9587), which is similarly complemented by a Manual on the Regulation of
International Air Transport (Doc 9626). Information on the airport and air navigation services charges actually levied in
States is updated and published annually in the Tariffs for Airports and Air Navigation Services (Doc 7100), while traffic
and financial data for airports and air navigation services are collected through statistical forms and periodic surveys
which are published on ICAO’s websites (http://www.icao.int and http://www.icaodata.com, respectively).
— — — — — — — —
3
I. GENERAL
Financial situation1
8. The Council notes that the financial situation of airports, as well as that of air navigation services providers
(ANSPs), are in a stage of evolution, and that the financial situation of their primary users, the scheduled airlines,
generally fluctuates with the performance of national, regional and global economies.
Scope and proliferation of charges
9. The Council recommends that States:
i) Permit the imposition of charges only for services and functions which are provided for, directly related
to, or ultimately beneficial for, civil aviation operations; and
ii) Refrain from imposing charges which discriminate against international civil aviation in relation to other
modes of international transport.
10. In this regard the Council is concerned over the proliferation of charges on air traffic and notes that the
imposition of charges in one jurisdiction can lead to the introduction of charges in another jurisdiction.
Organizational and managerial issues
Autonomy and privatization
11. The Council observes that experience gained worldwide indicates that where airports and air navigation
services have been operated by autonomous entities their overall financial situation and managerial efficiency have
generally tended to improve. Many of these autonomous entities have been established by governments although the
operation of many such entities, in particular those operating airports, has since been transferred partly or completely to
private enterprises.
12. The Council, therefore, recommends that where this is economically viable and in the best interest of
providers (airports and ANSPs) and users, States consider establishing autonomous entities to operate their airports or
air navigation services, recognizing that in some circumstances a single entity may operate both airports and air
navigation services, and that the entity may be in the form of an autonomous civil aviation authority.
13. The Council emphasizes with regard to private involvement that States, when considering the
commercialization or privatization of airports and ANSPs, bear in mind that the State is ultimately responsible for safety,
security, and, in view of the potential abuse of dominant position by airports and ANSPs, economic oversight of their
operations.
14. The Council also wishes to stress that whenever an autonomous entity is established, whether by a
government or by private interests, to operate an airport(s) and/or air navigation services, the State should ensure that
1. Historical trends and recent information on the financial situation of the various parties may be found on ICAO’s websites (see
paragraph 7).
ICAO’s Policies on Charges for
4 Airports and Air Navigation Services
all relevant obligations of the State specified in the Convention on International Civil Aviation, its Annexes and in air
services agreements are complied with and that ICAO’s policies and practices, such as those contained in the present
policies on charges, are observed.
International cooperation
15. The Council encourages international cooperation through a regional approach in the provision and
　
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