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45° angle to the scale.
combination wrench (mechanic’s hand tool). A mechanic’s hand tool which has a box-socket wrench on
one end and an open-end wrench on the other. Both ends normally fit the same size nut or bolt.
combined center-rapcon (air traffic control). An air traffic control facility which combines the functions
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of an ARTCC and a radar approach control facility.
combustibles. Materials that are capable of being ignited and burned.
combustion. A chemical reaction in which a material, called the fuel, combines with oxygen so rapidly that
a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat and light. Combustion and burning mean
essentially the same thing.
combustion heater. A type of cabin heater used in some aircraft. Gasoline from the aircraft fuel tanks is
burned in the heater.
combustion liner (gas turbine engine component). The perforated steel inner liner that fits into the
combustion chamber of a gas turbine engine. Combustion air and cooling air both flow through the
combustion liner, and fuel is sprayed into the liner and burned.
The combustion liner can be removed from the engine for inspection and maintenance.
combustor (gas turbine engine component). The section of a gas turbine engine in which the fuel is
injected, mixed with air and burned. The intense heat from the combustion expands the air flowing through
the combustor and directs it out through the turbine.
There are a number of types of combustors, but all have an outer liner and a thin-wall perforated
inner liner, in which the combustion takes place. In addition to the air used in the combustion process, a
large amount of cooling air flows through the combustor to keep the heat from damaging its thin walls.
Combustors are also called combustion chambers or burners.
combustor drain valve (gas turbine engine component). A spring-loaded valve in the bottom of the
combustor outer case to drain fuel from the combustor after an aborted start.
The combustor drain valve is spring-loaded to its open position, and burner pressure holds it
closed when the engine is operating.
combustor efficiency (gas turbine engine). The ratio of the amount of heat energy released by burning the
fuel in a gas turbine engine to the amount of heat energy in the fuel.
comfort zone. The range of temperature, humidity, and air movement most suitable for human enjoyment
and well-being.
coming-in speed (electrical component). The speed an electrical machine, such as a generator or magneto,
must be turned for it to produce its rated output. In a magneto, the coming-in speed is the lowest speed at
which the magneto produces enough voltage to fire all the spark plugs consistently.
commercial aircraft operator (aircraft operator). Anyone, except an air carrier, who engages in the
carriage of persons or property in an aircraft for compensation or hire. 14 CFR Part 1: “A person who, for
compensation or hire, engages in the carriage by aircraft in air commerce of persons or property, other than
as an air carrier or foreign air carrier or under the authority of Part 375 of this title. Where it is doubtful that
an operation is for “compensation or hire”, the test applied is whether the carriage by air is merely
incidental to the person’s other business or is, in itself, a major enterprise for profit.”
commercial pilot. An aircraft pilot authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration to carry passengers
or cargo for compensation or hire under certain conditions.
common-base amplifier (transistor amplifier). A transistor amplifier in which the base of the transistor is
connected in such a way that it is in both the input and output circuits.
common-collector amplifier (transistor amplifier). A transistor amplifier in which the collector of the
transistor is connected in such a way that it is in both the input and output circuits.
common-emitter amplifier (transistor amplifier). A transistor amplifier in which the emitter of the
transistor is connected in such a way that it is in both the input and output circuits.
common fraction (mathematics). A fraction written in the form of one number above another. The
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number on the bottom is the denominator, indicating the number of parts into which the whole is divided,
and the top number is the numerator, indicating the number of parts being considered.
common point (air traffic control). A significant point over which two or more aircraft will report passing
or have reported passing before proceeding on the same or diverging tracks.
To establish/maintain longitudinal separation, a controller may determine a common point not
　
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