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used for polishing hard metal surfaces.
cross (fix) at (altitude) (air traffic control). Instructions from ATC for an aircraft operating under
instrument flight rules to cross a specified fix at a specified altitude. Instructions may also be given to cross
the specified fix at or above a given altitude, or at or below a certain altitude.
cross-bleed (gas turbine engine air starting system). An air ducting system used in a multiengine
turbojet airplane in which compressor bleed air from one engine can be directed to another engine where it
can be used to operate its air starter.
cross coat (aircraft finishing system). A double coat of aircraft finishing material in which the second
coat is sprayed over the first coat at right angles to it, before the solvents in the first coat have evaporated
from it.
cross-country flying. Flying from one airport to another over a distance that is long enough to require the
use of some form of navigation.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 165
crosscut saw. A form of wood saw having short, sharp, knife-like teeth. A crosscut saw is used to cut wood
across its grain.
cross-feed system (aircraft fuel system). An arrangement of the fuel system plumbing of a multiengine
aircraft that allows any of the engines to operate from any of its fuel tanks.
The cross-feed system also allows fuel to be transferred from one side of the aircraft to the other
side to maintain balance in flight.
cross-feed valve (fuel system component.) A valve in a fuel system that allows any engine of a
multiengine aircraft to draw fuel from any fuel tank. Cross-feed systems are used to allow a multiengine
aircraft to maintain a balanced fuel load.
cross-filing (metal cutting). A method of cutting metal with a file in which the file is moved endwise over
the work. Cross-filing is different from draw-filing, in which the file is moved sideways across the work.
cross-firing (reciprocating engine ignition system malfunction). A malfunction in which high voltage in
the distributor jumps between the terminals and causes the wrong spark plug to fire.
“Cross [fix] at [altitude]” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC when a specific altitude restriction
at a specified fix is required.
“Cross [fix] at or above [altitude]” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC when an altitude
restriction at a specified fix is required. It does not prohibit the aircraft from crossing the fix at a higher
altitude than specified; however, the higher altitude must not be one that will violate a succeeding altitude
restriction or altitude assignment.
“Cross [fix] at or below [altitude]” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC when a maximum
crossing altitude at a specific fix is required. It does not prohibit the aircraft from crossing the fix at a lower
altitude; however, the aircraft must be at or above the minimum IFR altitude.
cross-flow valve (landing gear system component). An automatic flow-control valve installed between
the gear-up and gear-down lines of the landing gear of some large airplanes.
When the landing gear is released from its uplocks, its weight causes it to fall faster than the
hydraulic system can supply fluid to the gear-down side of the actuation cylinder. The crossflow valve
opens and directs fluid from the gear-up side into the gear-down side. This allows the gear to move down
with a smooth motion.
cross-hatching (mechanical drawings). A method of using angled, parallel lines to show that a section of
a drawing has been cut away. Different arrangements of the cross-hatch lines are used to identify the
material of which the part is made.
cross member (structural component). An auxiliary member of a primary aircraft structure. Cross
members are installed between the major lengthwise structural members (longerons and spars) to separate
them and to carry stresses other than the primary stresses.
crossover (helicopter rotor system). A condition in which helicopter rotor blades track on the ground and
in a hover, but one blade flies higher than the other in flight.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 166
crossover tube (gas turbine engine component). A small tube that connects the burner cans in a
multiple-can combustor. Crossover tubes carry flame from one can to the other when the engine is being
started.
cross-sectional view (mechanical drawing). An auxiliary view of an aircraft drawing used to show the
cross-sectional shape or the construction of part of a structure or component.
cross talk (electronic system). An undesirable condition, also known as cross modulation, in which the
output from one system or part of a system is fed over into another system. The output contains the signal
　
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