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control rod (aircraft control system component). A rigid rod normally made of aluminum alloy tubing
used to actuate flight controls from the cockpit. Control rods are often called push-pull rods because of the
method of their actuation.
control rod (nuclear reactor). A rod used to control the amount of activity in a nuclear reactor. It may be
a fuel rod or a neutron-absorbing rod.
control sector (air traffic control). An airspace area of defined horizontal and vertical dimensions for
which a controller or group of controllers has air traffic control responsibility, normally within an air route
traffic control center or an approach control facility.
control slash (air traffic control). A radar beacon slash representing the actual position of the associated
aircraft. Normally, the control slash is the one closest to the interrogating radar beacon site. When ARTCC
radar is operating in the narrow-band (digitized) mode, the control slash is converted to a target symbol.
control snubber (boosted aircraft control system component). A device in a hydraulically boosted
aircraft control system that cushions the movement of a control at the end of its travel.
control stick (aircraft control system component). A vertical stick in the cockpit of an airplane with
which the pilot operates the ailerons and elevators. Side-to-side movement of the stick moves the ailerons,
and back-and-forth movement moves the elevators. Most modern airplanes use control wheels, rather than
control sticks.
control surface (airplane flight controls). Aerodynamic surfaces which can be moved from the cockpit of
an airplane to cause the airplane to rotate about its three axes. The primary control surfaces are the ailerons,
elevators, and rudder.
control wheel (aircraft control system component). A wheel-like control in an airplane cockpit used by
the pilot to move the ailerons and elevators. Rotation of the wheel moves the ailerons, and back-and-forth
or in-and-out movement moves the elevators. Because the wheel does not rotate in a complete circle, most
aircraft control wheels are not round, but are, rather, only segments of a wheel.
control yoke. The movable column on which an airplane control wheel is mounted. The yoke may be
moved in or out to actuate the elevators, and the control wheel may be rotated to actuate the ailerons.
control zone (air traffic control). Controlled airspace which extends upward from the surface and
terminates at the base of the continental control area. Control zones that do not underlie the continental
control area have no upper limit.
A control zone may include one or more airports. It is normally a circular area with a radius of
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 155
five statute miles from the center of the airport and may include any extensions necessary for instrument
approach and departure paths.
convection (meteorology). Predominantly vertical movement of the atmosphere that results in mixing the
atmospheric properties. Convection differs from advection, which is the horizontal movement of the
atmosphere.
convection (heat transfer). A method of heat transfer within a fluid by means of vertical currents. Heat is
absorbed in the bottom layer of the fluid by conduction, and this heat decreases the density of the fluid. The
less dense fluid rises and forces the cooler, more dense fluid down.
convection current. The vertical movement of molecules of a fluid in a container that is being heated. The
warmed fluid rises and forces the cold fluid down.
convective condensation level (meteorology). The lowest level at which condensation will occur as a
result of convection due to surface heating.
When condensation occurs at this level, the layer between the surface and the CCL will be
thoroughly mixed, the temperature lapse rate will be dry adiabatic, and the mixing ratio will be constant.
convective instability (meteorology). The state of an unsaturated layer of air whose lapse rates of
temperature and moisture are such that, when the air is lifted adiabatically until the layer becomes saturated,
spontaneous convection will occur.
convective SIGMET (weather advisory). A weather advisory concerning convective weather significant
to the safety of all aircraft. Convective SIGMETs are issued for:
1. Severe thunderstorms with surface winds of 50 knots or greater or hail at the surface with a
diameter of 3/4-inch or greater
2. Tornadoes
3. Embedded thunderstorms
4. Line of thunderstorms
5. Thunderstorms with very heavy precipitation and severe turbulence affecting 40% or more of an
area of at least 3,000 square miles.
conventional current (electrical current). An imaginary flow of electricity said to go from the positive
　
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