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and the ADI fluid absorbs the excessive heat when it vaporizes.
ADI does not increase the engine power, but, by absorbing some of the heat released during
full-power operation, the engine is able to develop more power without detonating.
ADIZ (air defense identification zone). Airspace over land or water, extending upward from the surface,
within which the ready identification, the location, and the control of aircraft are required in the interest of
national security.
Domestic ADIZs are within the United States along the international boundaries.
Coastal ADIZs are over the coastal waters of the United States.
adjacent side (mathematics). The two sides of a triangle that have a common angle. In the study of
trigonometry, the adjacent side of one of the acute angles of a right triangle is the side of the triangle other
than the hypotenuse that forms the angle.
adjust. To change a condition to make it more satisfactory or to make it operate better. We adjust the hands
of a clock so they show the correct time, and we adjust the fuel-air mixture on the carburetor of a
reciprocating engine to get the proper mixture ratio for the best operation of the engine.
adjustable-pitch propeller. An aircraft propeller which has provisions for adjusting the pitch of the blades
on the ground when the engine is not running.
adjustable split die. A tool used for cutting external threads on round stock.
The circular die has a split from the threaded hole in its center to its edge. An adjusting screw can
spread this split to adjust the depth of the threads being cut.
adjustable stabilizer (airplane flight control). A horizontal stabilizer that can be adjusted in flight to trim
the airplane, so it will fly hands-off at any given airspeed.
Administrator (FAA). The politically appointed head of the Federal Aviation Administration. 14 CFR
Part 1: “The Federal Aviation Administrator or any person to whom he has delegated his authority in the
matter concerned.”
admittance (electrical characteristic). The ease with which alternating current can flow in a circuit.
Admittance (Y) is the reciprocal of impedance (Y = 1/Z) and is expressed in siemens. It was formerly
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 13
expressed in mhos (ohm spelled backward).
AD oil (ashless dispersant oil). A mineral-base lubricating oil used in reciprocating engines. This oil does
not contain any metallic ash-forming additives, but has additives that disperse the contaminants so they
remain suspended in the oil, preventing their clumping together and forming sludge. The contaminants
remain in the oil until they are removed by the filters.
advance. To move forward.
advanced composites. High-strength structural materials made by encapsulating a fibrous material in a
resin matrix. Advanced composites have superior strength and stiffness and are light-weight. Kevlar and
graphite fibers encapsulated in an epoxy matrix are widely used in modern aircraft construction.
advanced timing (reciprocating engine ignition timing). Timing of the ignition of the fuel-air mixture in
the cylinders of a reciprocating engine, so the mixture is completely burned by the time the piston reaches
the top of its stroke.
Advanced timing allows the maximum pressure to be produced in the cylinder as the piston starts
downward.
advancing blade (helicopter rotor blade). The blade in a helicopter rotor system moving in the same
direction the helicopter is traveling.
advection. A method of heat transfer by horizontal movement of a fluid.
Advection is different from convection in that convection transfers heat by vertical, rather than
horizontal, movement of the fluid.
advection currents (meteorology). Currents of air moving horizontally over a surface.
advection fog (meteorology). Fog that forms when moist air moves horizontally across a surface cold
enough to cool the air to a temperature below its dew point. Moisture condenses and remains suspended in
the air to obstruct visibility.
adverse yaw (flight operation). A flight condition at the beginning of a turn in which the nose of an
airplane starts to move in the direction opposite the direction the turn is being made.
Adverse yaw is caused by the induced drag produced by the downward-deflected aileron holding
back the wing as it begins to rise.
“Advise intentions” (air traffic control). A request meaning “Tell me what you plan to do.”
Advisory Circular. See AC.
Advisory Service. Advice and information provided by an FAA facility to assist pilots in the safe conduct
of flight and aircraft movement.
aeration. The process of mixing air in a liquid. When lubricating oil passes through an engine, it picks up a
　
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