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no more oxygen to combine with the fuel, the fire goes out.
carbon-film resistor (electrical component). An electrical resistor made by vacuum-depositing a thin film
of carbon on a ceramic cylinder. Wires attached to each end of the carbon film allow the resistor to be
connected into an electrical circuit.
carbon knock (reciprocating engines). The knocking sound made in a reciprocating engine by detonation
that follows preignition. Preignition occurs when incandescent (red-hot) carbon particles inside the cylinder
ignite the fuel-air mixture before the engine is ready for ignition to occur.
Early ignition allows the cylinder pressure and temperature to build up high enough to cause the
fuel to detonate, or explode, rather than burn smoothly as it should. It is this explosion that causes the
sound we hear.
carbon microphone. A type of microphone used in a telephone and with some types of radio transmitters.
The sensitive element in a carbon microphone is a tube of carbon granules, or grains of carbon. A flexible
diaphragm acted on by sound waves presses against the carbon inside the tube.
When the diaphragm pushes the carbon granules together (compresses them), the resistance of the
carbon becomes less than when the diaphragm allows the granules to relax.
The looseness or tightness of the granules in the tube determines the resistance of the carbon, and
this resistance changes in the same way the air pressure caused by the sound waves changes.
carbon monoxide (CO). A colorless, odorless gas that forms from incomplete combustion of an organic
fuel. Carbon monoxide is poisonous to human and animal life.
carbon monoxide detector. A packet of chemical crystals mounted in the aircraft cockpit or cabin where
they are easily visible. The crystals change their color from yellow to green when they are exposed to
carbon monoxide.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 105
carbon pile (electrical component). A type of variable resistor used in some electrical equipment.
A carbon pile is made of a stack of thin, pure carbon disks whose resistance is changed by varying
the pressure on the stack.
Carbon piles are used as the control element in some types of voltage regulators. They are also
used for dissipating (using up) large amounts of electrical power in certain types of electrical load banks
and test equipment.
carbon pile voltage regulator. A voltage regulator used with some high-output DC generators in which a
stack of pure carbon disks acts as the resistance element in the field circuit. When the generator output
voltage is low, a spring compresses the carbon pile and reduces its resistance, allowing a large amount of
field current to flow.
When the generator output is high, the electromagnetic field produced by a voltage-sensing coil
overcomes the spring force and loosens the carbon pile, increasing its resistance and decreasing the field
current.
carbon resistor (electrical component). A component used to insert a controlled amount of resistance into
an electrical circuit.
Carbon resistors are made of a mixture of carbon and an insulating material formed into a small
cylinder and baked. Its resistance is then measured and its value marked in the form of colored bands
around one end.
carbon seal (gas turbine engine component). A rubbing seal in a gas turbine engine between a rotating
shaft and a fixed housing. The seal, made of carbon, rides on a highly polished steel surface, and the close
fit between the carbon and the steel keeps oil from flowing into the gas path of the engine.
carbon steel. Steel in which carbon is the chief, or principal, alloying agent. Low-carbon steel which,
containing less than 0.20% carbon, is relatively soft and weak, but high-carbon steel containing up to about
0.95% carbon can be hardened until it is very strong, but also very brittle.
carbon tetrachloride. A colorless, dense, liquid halogenated hydrocarbon that has, in the past, been used
as a fire extinguishing agent and as a cleaning fluid for clothing.
Carbon tetrachloride is no longer used for either of these purposes because it is harmful to the
human body. When carbon tetrachloride is sprayed on a fire, it changes into the poisonous gas, phosgene.
carbon tracking (magneto distributor malfunction). An ignition system malfunction caused by a fine
track of carbon deposited inside the distributor of an aircraft magneto.
The resistance of the air inside the distributor at high altitude is so low that it is possible for a
spark to jump between the distributor terminals. As this spark moves across the surface of the distributor
block, it leaves a thin track of carbon. The resistance of this carbon track is so much lower than that of the
　
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