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The rear wheel of a bicycle is driven by a roller chain passing over two chain gears.
chain hoist. A form of tackle used in a shop to lift heavy weights. A chain hoist uses an endless loop of
chain to rotate the drive gear in a planetary gear system. The chain that supports and lifts the load is pulled
up by the driven gear in the planetary system.
A chain hoist is sometimes called a chain block or a chain fall.
chain reaction. A self-sustaining action in which one event causes other events of the same kind to happen.
It is a chain reaction in nuclear fission that releases so much energy that a neutron is knocked out
of the nucleus of an atom. This neutron knocks other neutrons out, and each of them knocks out still other
neutrons.
chamfer. A bevel cut on the edge of a piece of metal or plastic. Chamfered edges are more attractive than
sharp edges, and they are less likely to cut a person who contacts the edge.
chamfer (verb). The act of cutting a bevel on the edge of a piece of metal or plastic.
chamfered edge. A beveled edge.
chamfered point (threaded fastener). The point of a threaded fastener, such as a bolt or a screw, that is
formed in the shape of a cone with its top cut off (a truncated cone). The distance across the flat point of the
cone is usually slightly less than the minor diameter of the threads, the diameter of the bolt or screw,
measured at the bottom of the threads.
Chamfered points are used when easy entry into the hole for starting is important.
chamfered tooth (timing device). A tooth of a gear that has had one of the edges of its point chamfered, or
beveled. The chamfered edge identifies the tooth that must be meshed with marked teeth on the mating gear
to properly time the mechanism driven by the gears.
Magneto distributor gears and the gears that drive the valve mechanism in a reciprocating engine
often use chamfered teeth to aid in timing.
chamois skin. A piece of soft, pliable leather, from the skin of a chamois, a goat-like antelope. Chamois
skin is used to filter gasoline. Gasoline will pass through a chamois skin, but water will not. Gasoline that
has been filtered through a chamois skin can be considered to be free from water.
chandelle (airplane maneuver). A maximum performance flight maneuver used in pilot training to
develop skill in control and coordination.
The airplane is put into a maximum-rate climb and turned in such a way that its heading changes
180° by the time the airspeed drops off to a given value.
change of state (meteorology). The transformation of water from one form into another. Five changes of
state are designated by these terms:
• Condensation is the change of water vapor into liquid water.
• Evaporation is the change of liquid water into water vapor.
• Freezing is the change of liquid water into solid water (ice).
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 118
• Melting is the change of ice into liquid water.
• Sublimation is the change of ice into water vapor or water vapor into ice.
Channel-Chrome cylinders. The registered trade name for reciprocating engine cylinders whose walls are
plated with hard chromium by a patented process. The surface of this chrome plating forms a spider web of
tiny stress cracks. After the plating is completed, deplating current is used to enlarge the cracks and form
channels that hold lubricating oil on the cylinder wall.
channel iron. A form of extruded steel whose cross section is in the shape of the letter U. Extruded steel is
formed by forcing it through a specially shaped die.
channel section (structural material). A structural material having the cross-sectional shape of a channel,
or the letter U. A channel section can be formed (bent) from a flat sheet of metal, or it can be extruded
(squeezed through a specially shaped die).
channel wing (aeronautics). A special type of airplane wing made in the form of half of a cylinder. The
upper camber of the airfoil section of the channel wing is on the inside of the cylinder, and it forms one half
of a venturi. The propeller is installed in such a way that it pulls air through the channel, across the top of
the airfoil, and produces lift even when the aircraft has almost no forward speed.
Channel wing aircraft have flown, but technical difficulties have prevented them from becoming
popular.
charcoal. A form of black, porous carbon. Charcoal is made by charring, or partially burning, wood in a
kiln (a special type of oven) in which there is not enough air for the wood to burn completely.
charge (electrical condition). A condition in which there is an excess or deficiency of electrons on a body.
If there is an excess of electrons, the charge is negative. A deficiency of electrons results in a positive
　
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