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cotter pin. A split metal pin used to safety a castellated or slotted nut to a bolt. The cotter pin, which is also
called a cotter key, is passed through the slots in the nut and the hole drilled through the shank of the bolt.
The ends of the pin are spread back over the end of the bolt and the side of the nut to prevent the nut
turning on the bolt.
cotton braid. A fabric tube made of loosely woven cotton thread. Cotton braid is used to encase bungee
shock cord and certain types of rubber hose.
cotton staple. The natural fibers in cotton. Grade-A cotton fabric used for covering an aircraft is made of
long-staple cotton.
coulomb. A unit of electrical charge equal to 6.28 billion billion (6.28 x 1018 or
6,280,000,000,000,000,000) electrons. One ampere of electrical flow is equal to the flow of one coulomb
per second.
counterbore (machine tool). A special cutting tool used to enlarge the diameter of a hole for a certain
depth. A counterbore has a pilot, or guide pin, the size of the hole, and the cutting edges are perpendicular
to the axis of the tool.
A counterbore enlarges the hole for a certain depth and produces a smooth, flat bottom to form a
seat for a bolt head or nut.
counterelectromotive force. See CEMF.
counter-rotating propellers. Propellers on wing-mounted engines that turn in opposite directions. When
flying at a high angle of attack, the descending propeller blade has a higher angle of attack than the
ascending blade and the half of the propeller disk with the descending blade produces more thrust than the
half with the ascending blade.
On an airplane equipped with counter-rotating propellers the descending blades on both engines
are near the aircraft centerline and neither engine is a critical engine. See critical engine.
countersink (metalworking tool). A metal-cutting tool used to chamfer (bevel) the edges of a hole so the
head of a countersunk rivet will be flush, or even, with the surface of the metal.
countersink (verb). To prepare a rivet hole for a flush rivet by beveling the edges of the holes with a cutter
of the correct angle.
countersunk-head rivet. A rivet whose cone-shaped head fits into a beveled hole in the metal. When the
rivet is driven, the top of the manufactured head is flush with the surface of the metal.
counterweight. A concentrated mass used to balance a weight or a load. Counterweights are used on the
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 161
movable control surfaces of an airplane to prevent the surface from fluttering in high-speed flight.
counterweight (reciprocating engine crankshaft). A heavy weight fastened to one of the throws of a
crankshaft to balance the assembly of the crankshaft, connecting rods, and pistons.
coupled approach (air traffic control). An instrument approach performed by the aircraft autopilot which
is receiving position information and/or steering commands from on-board navigation equipment.
In general, coupled nonprecision approaches must be discontinued and flown manually at altitudes
lower than 50 feet below the minimum descent altitude, and coupled precision approaches must be flown
manually below 50 feet AGL.
course (flight planning). The intended direction of flight, measured in the horizontal plane in degrees
clockwise from north.
Course Deviation Indicator. See CDI.
covalent bond. A type of linkage between atoms in a chemical compound in which an electron is shared by
two atoms. The sharing of the electron holds the atoms together.
Two atoms of hydrogen share electrons with one atom of oxygen to form one molecule of water, a
stable chemical compound.
Coverite surface thermometer. The registered trade name for a small surface-type bimetallic thermometer
used to calibrate the temperature of an iron used to heat-shrink polyester fabrics.
cowl flaps (reciprocating engine cooling system component). Movable flaps located at the exit of the
cowling that houses an air-cooled aircraft engine.
Opening or closing the cowl flaps controls the amount of air flowing through the cowling, and this
in turn controls the amount of heat removed from the engine cylinders.
cowling (aircraft component). The removable cover which encloses an aircraft engine.
CPU (central processing unit). The portion of a computer that contains the main storage, the
arithmetic-logic-unit, or ALU, and special register groups.
The CPU performs arithmetic and logic functions, controls the processing of instructions, and
furnishes timing signals for other computer functions.
crab (aircraft flight condition). Aircraft flight in which the nose of the aircraft is pointed into the wind,
while the flight path over the ground is partially across the wind. An airplane is crabbed into the wind to
　
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