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circle. A closed plane figure with every point an equal distance from the center. A circle has the greatest
area for its circumference of any enclosed shape.
circle graph. A visual presentation of data in which the entire quantity is shown as a circle. Each portion of
the data is shown as a segment of the circle. Circle graphs are also called pie charts, because all the data
resembles a complete pie, and each individual portion resembles a slice of the pie.
circle-to-land maneuver. A maneuver initiated by the pilot to align the aircraft with a runway for landing
when a straight-in landing from an instrument approach is not possible or is not desirable.
“Circle to runway (runway number)” (air traffic control). A phrase used by ATC to inform the pilot
that he must circle to land because the runway in use is other than the runway aligned with the instrument
approach procedure.
When the direction of the circling maneuver in relation to the airport/runway is required, the
controller will state the direction and specify a left or right downwind or base leg as appropriate.
circuit (electrical). The complete path followed by electrons from the negative terminal of the source of
electrical energy, through the electrical load, back to the positive terminal of the source.
All electrical circuits must have at least three components: the source of electrical energy, the
electrical load, and conductors to connect the source and the load.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 125
circuit breaker (electrical circuit component). A device which opens an electrical circuit when an excess
of current flows. A circuit breaker may be reset to restore the circuit after the fault causing the excessive
current has been corrected.
Circuit breakers may operate either by heat or a magnetic field, and some have an exposed control
so they may be used as a switch as well as a circuit protector.
circuit diagram. A drawing which uses conventional symbols to show the way the components in an
electrical system or fluid power system are connected. Circuit diagrams do not show the physical
relationship of the components, but the flow of electrons or fluid can be traced by following the circuit
diagram.
circuit protection (electrical circuit). Provision in an electrical circuit to prevent the flow of an excessive
amount of current. Circuit breakers, fuses, and current limiters open the circuit when excessive current
flows.
circular inch. A measurement of area of circular objects. One circular inch is the area of a circle whose
diameter is one inch. One circular inch is equal to 0.7854 square inch.
circular magnetization. A method of magnetizing a part for magnetic particle inspection. Current is
passed through the part, and the lines of magnetic flux surround it. Circular magnetization makes it possible
to detect faults that extend lengthwise through the part.
circular mil. A measurement of area used for round electrical conductors. A circular mil is the area of a
circle whose diameter is one mil, or 0.001 inch. One circular mil is equal to 0.7854 square mil.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 126
circular motion. Motion of an object along a curved path in which the object stays a constant distance
from a given point, called the center of motion.
circular saw. A powered saw that uses a thin, circular blade driven by an electric motor. In a table saw, the
blade is mounted on an arbor, and only a portion of the blade sticks up above the surface of the table. In a
radial-arm saw, the blade is mounted on the shaft of an electric motor which is suspended on an arm above
the work. The saw is pulled across the work. A circular saw blade may also be mounted on a hand-held
electric motor and used as a hand saw.
circular slide rule. A slide rule with its scales arranged in rings on the surface of a disk. Transparent
cursors, attached at the center of the disk, may be moved over the scale to add or subtract portions of the
scales to perform the various mathematical operations.
circumference of a circle. The total linear distance around the outside of a circle. The length of the
circumference of a circle is always 3.1416, or pi (π), times the length of the diameter of the circle (the
distance across the circle at its center).
circumferential coil spring. A coil spring that is formed into a ring. This type of spring, also called a
garter spring, is used to hold ring-type carbon seals tightly against a rotating shaft.
circumferential frame (aircraft structural component). A frame that gives an aircraft fuselage or engine
nacelle its shape. A circumferential frame is also called a belt frame, or a transverse frame.
　
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