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atomic number is 48, and its atomic weight is 112.40. Cadmium is used for plating steel aircraft hardware
to protect it from corrosion.
cadmium cell (electrical standard cell). A type of electrical standard cell which produces an accurate
reference voltage for use when making precision electrical measurements. The voltage produced by a
cadmium cell at 20°C is 1.0186 volts.
cadmium plating. A form of corrosion protection for steel parts. A thin coating of cadmium is
electroplated onto the surface of the steel part to be protected.
The cadmium is more chemically active than the steel part it protects, and in the process of
corrosion, the cadmium acts as the anode and is changed into cadmium oxide. This method of corrosion
protection is called sacrificial corrosion.
cage (verb) (gyroscopic instrument). The procedure of locking the gimbals of a gyroscopic instrument so
it will not be damaged by abrupt flight maneuvers or rough handling.
caging system (gyroscopic instrument). A mechanism inside a gyroscopic instrument that locks the
gimbals in a rigid position and holds the gyro so it cannot tumble if the aircraft maneuvers exceed the
tumble limits of the gyro. The caging system also restores a tumbled gyro to its operating position.
calcium. A silvery, moderately hard, metallic chemical element. Calcium’s symbol is Ca, its atomic
number is 20, and its atomic weight is 40.08.
Calcium is used as an alloying element for other metals and as a component in plaster and portland
cement.
calcium carbide. A compound of calcium and carbon which decomposes, or breaks down, in water to
produce acetylene gas.
calculated landing time (air traffic control). A term that may be used in place of tentative or actual
calculated landing time, whichever applies.
calendar month. A period of time used by the FAA for inspection and certification purposes. One calendar
month from a given day extends from that day until midnight of the last day of that month. A calendar
month beginning on June 6 ends at midnight of June 30.
calender (fabric treatment). To pass fabric through a series of heated rollers to give it a smooth and shiny
surface.
calibrated airspeed. See CAS.
calibrated orifice. An orifice, or hole, having a specific diameter, length, and approach and departure
angles. A calibrated orifice is used to control the amount of fluid that can flow under a specific pressure.
Carburetor metering jets are calibrated orifices.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 97
calibration (instrument accuracy check). The procedure in which the indication of an instrument is
compared with a standard value. Calibration is done to determine the accuracy of an instrument. A pressure
gage, for example, can be calibrated by comparing its readings with the known pressure produced by a
dead-weight tester.
calibration card (instrument accuracy). A card usually mounted near an instrument to show the amount
of error in the instrument. Correct information can be obtained by reading the instrument and applying the
correction shown on the calibration card.
calibration curve (instrument accuracy). A curve plotted to show the instrument errors at different points
on the scale. The error at each point is plotted on a graph, and these points are joined by a smooth curve.
By using the calibration curve, it is possible to interpolate the error at points between those which
have been plotted.
californium. A radioactive, synthetic chemical element produced by bombarding curium with helium
isotopes. Californium’s symbol is Cf, and its atomic number is 98.
call-outs (aircraft drawings). Numbers and names used to identify components or parts in an aircraft
drawing. Call-outs are normally placed near the part being identified and are connected to the part by a thin
leader line.
call sign (radio communications). Any combination of letters or numbers that identifies a
communications facility.
call-up (radio communications procedure). The initial voice contact between a facility and an aircraft.
The call-up should include the identification of the facility being called and the facility initiating the call.
calm (meteorology). The absence of wind or apparent motion of the air.
calorie. The unit of heat energy in the centimeter-gram-second system of measurements.
A large calorie (Calorie) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of one
kilogram of water one degree Celsius. A small calorie (calorie) is the amount of heat energy needed to raise
the temperature of one gram of pure water from 14.5° to 15.5°C. One calorie is equal to 4.1868 joules of
energy.
calorimeter. An instrument used to measure quantities of heat released or absorbed during chemical
　
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