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unit of linear measurement, the gram is the basic unit of mass, and the second is the basic unit of time. This
is known as the cgs system.
central processing unit (digital computer). See CPU.
central refueling system (aircraft fuel system). A type of fuel system used in large aircraft that allows all
the fuel tanks to be fueled from a single point, usually under the wing.
A central refueling system is also called a single-point fueling system, or a pressure fueling
system.
centrifugal brake. A friction brake used on a hoist drum. A centrifugal brake automatically applies friction
to stop the hoist if the drum ever turns at a speed faster than is allowed.
centrifugal clutch. A form of friction clutch that engages when the drive wheel reaches a certain speed.
The clutch is engaged by centrifugal force acting on a flyweight mechanism.
centrifugal compressor (gas turbine engine component). A compressor in a gas turbine engine that uses
a scroll-type impeller.
Air is taken into the center, or eye, of the impeller and slung outward by centrifugal force into the
diffuser where its velocity is decreased and its pressure increased.
Centrifugal compressors were used on the first gas turbine aircraft engines, and are used on some
modern engines as a high-pressure stage that receives its input air from a low-pressure axial-flow stage.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 115
centrifugal filter. A filter that separates contaminants from a fluid by centrifugal action. The contaminants
are thrown by rotary motion into traps that hold them until they can be removed.
centrifugal force. A force that acts outwardly on any body moving in a curved path. Centrifugal force tries
to move a body away from the center of its rotation, and this force is opposed by centripetal force.
centrifugal moment. A force which tries to cause rotation. A centrifugal moment is the product of the
amount of centrifugal force acting on an object, multiplied by the distance between the object and the
center of its rotation.
centrifugal pump (fluid pump). A variable displacement pump which moves fluid by taking it into the
center of a scroll-type impeller and slinging it outward by centrifugal action. Aircraft fuel boost pumps
installed inside the fuel tanks are almost always centrifugal pumps.
centrifugal switch. An electrical switch actuated by centrifugal force and mounted inside of a piece of
rotating machinery. Centrifugal switches are used in capacitor-start induction motors to disconnect the start
winding when the rotor reaches a specified speed.
centrifugal tachometer. A type of mechanical tachometer used to measure the speed of rotation of a shaft
or wheel. Two or three flyweights are mounted on a collar around a rotating shaft in such a way that, as
they spin, centrifugal force pulls them away from the shaft. As they move away from the shaft, the collar
moves up the shaft. As the collar moves up, it causes a pointer to move over a dial to indicate the speed
being measured.
centrifugal twisting force. See CTF.
centrifugal twisting moment. See CTM.
centrifuge (physical separator). A device used to separate a liquid mixture or suspension into its various
components which have different specific gravities.
A container of the liquid mixture is spun at a high speed, and the components having the higher
specific gravities are slung to the outside where they are drawn off.
centrifuge (space travel simulator). A large machine having a long motor-driven arm which moves a
vehicle in a circular path at various rotational speeds.
Humans and animals are carried in the vehicle to study the effect of prolonged acceleration, such
as they would find while traveling in a spacecraft or rocket.
centrifuging. A method of separating liquids which have different densities by spinning them in a
centrifuge.
centripetal force. The force within a body that opposes centrifugal force as the body rotates or spins.
Centripetal force acts inside a piece of rotating machinery and tries to pull the rotating object in toward the
center of its rotation.
centroid. The center of mass of a body. It is the point about which all the mass can be considered to be
concentrated.
ceramic. Any of several hard, brittle, heat-resistant, noncorrosive materials made by shaping and then
firing a mineral, such as clay, at a high temperature.
Ceramic electrical insulators are stronger than glass, and they withstand high temperatures better
than glass.
ceramic magnet. A permanent magnet made by pressing together a mixture of ceramic material and
sintered magnetic particles. Ceramic magnetic material is called ferromagnetic ceramic.
CERAP (combined center-rapcon). An air traffic control facility which combines the function of an air
　
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