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aileron angle. The angle of deflection of an aileron from its neutral, or trailing, position. Aileron angle is
positive when the trailing edge of the aileron is below its neutral position and negative when it is above
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neutral.
aileron spar. A short partial spar in the wing of an airplane that serves as a point of attachment for the
aileron hinges. An aileron spar is sometimes called a false spar.
aileron station. Reference locations along the span of an aileron.
Aileron stations are measured from the inboard end outward.
AIM (Aeronautical Information Manual). A primary FAA publication whose purpose is to instruct
airmen about operating in the National Airspace System of the U.S. The AIM provides basic flight
information, ATC procedures, and general instructional information concerning health, medical facts,
factors affecting flight safety, accident and hazard reporting, and types of aeronautical charts and their use.
air. A physical mixture of gases that make up the atmosphere of the earth. Pure dry air contains
approximately 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen by volume, with the remainder made up of small parts of
carbon dioxide, argon, neon, xenon, and helium. Dry air weighs 0.07651 pound per cubic foot under
standard sea-level conditions.
air adapter (gas turbine engine component). A component in a centrifugal-compressor gas turbine
engine. The air adapter is located between the diffuser and the combustor and is used to direct the airflow
into the combustor at the proper angle.
air bleed (carburetor component). A small hole in the fuel passage between the float bowl and the
discharge nozzle of a float carburetor. Air drawn into the liquid fuel through the air bleed breaks the fuel up
into an emulsion, making it easy to atomize and thus to vaporize.
airborne. The condition of an aircraft when it is off the ground and supported in the air by aerodynamic or
aerostatic forces.
airborne delay (air traffic control). The amount of delay to be encountered in airborne holding.
airborne intercept radar. A short-range airborne radar system carried in fighter and attack aircraft to
locate and track their targets.
airborne moving target indicator (radar system). A type of airborne radar that filters out stationary
objects and displays only moving targets.
air brake (aerodynamic component). A device that can be extended from the structure of an airplane to
produce a large amount of parasite drag. Air brakes allow an airplane to increase its descent angle without
building up an excessive amount of speed.
Also called dive brakes, air brakes differ from flaps in that they produce no useful lift.
air-breathing engine (heat engine). An engine that requires an intake of air to supply the oxygen it needs
to operate.
Reciprocating and turbine engines are both air-breathing engines, but most rockets carry an
oxidizing agent with their fuel. The oxidizing agent furnishes the needed oxygen.
air capacitor (electrical component). A capacitor that uses air as the dielectric. A variable tuning
capacitor in a radio is an example of an air capacitor.
air carrier. An organization or person involved in the business of transporting people or cargo by air for
compensation or hire.
14 CFR Part 1: “A person who undertakes directly by lease, or other arrangement, to engage in
air transportation.”
Air Carrier District Office. See ACDO.
air commerce. The portion of the transportation industry that deals with the carriage of people or cargo by
air for compensation or hire. 14 CFR Part 1: “Interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce or the
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transportation of mail by aircraft or any operation or navigation of aircraft within the limits of any Federal
airway or any operation or navigation of aircraft which directly affects, or which may endanger safety in,
interstate, overseas, or foreign air commerce.”
air conditioning. The process of treating the air in a building or compartment to control its temperature,
humidity, cleanliness, and velocity of its movement. Air conditioning in an aircraft also includes the
pressurization of the air inside the cabin.
air-cooled engine. A reciprocating engine whose excess heat is removed by transferring it directly into the
air flowing over the engine.
The cylinders of an air-cooled engine are fitted with fins to increase the surface area exposed to
the air.
air-cooled oil cooler. An oil-to-air heat exchanger in the lubrication system of an aircraft engine. Heat is
removed from the oil and transferred into the air flowing through the cooler.
　
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