8.2.1 When an identified controlled flight is observed to be on a conflicting path with an unknown aircraft deemed to constitute a collision hazard, the pilot of the controlled flight shall, whenever practicable:
a) be informed of the unknown aircraft and if so requested by the controlled flight or, if in the opinion of the radar controller the situation warrants, a course of avoiding action should be suggested; and
b) be notified when the conflict no longer exists.
8.2.2 When an identified IFR flight operating outside controlled airspace is observed to be on a conflicting path with another aircraft, the pilot should:
a) be informed as to the need for collision avoidance action to be initiated, and if so requested by the pilot or if, in the opinion of the radar controller, the situation warrants, a course of avoiding action should be suggested; and
b) be notified when the conflict no longer exists.
8.2.3 Information regarding traffic on a conflicting path should be given, whenever practicable, in the following form:
a) relative bearing of the conflicting traffic in terms of the 12-hour clock;
b) distance from the conflicting traffic in kilometres (nautical miles);
VI. Radar Services
c) direction in which the conflicting traffic appears to be proceeding;
d) level and type of aircraft or, if unknown, relative speed of the conflicting traffic, e.g. slow or fast.
8.2.4 SSR Mode C-derived level information, even when unverified, should be used in the provision of collision hazard information because such information, particularly if available from an otherwise unknown aircraft (e.g. a VFR flight) and given to the pilot of a known aircraft, could facilitate the location of a collision hazard.
8.2.4.1 When the Mode C-derived level information has been verified, the information shall be passed to pilots in a clear and unambiguous manner. If the level information has not been verified, the accuracy of the information should be considered uncertain and the pilot shall be informed accordingly.
8.3 Failure of equipment
8.3.1 Aircraft radio transmitter failure
8.3.1.1 If two-way communication is lost with an aircraft, the radar controller should determine whether or not the aircraft’s receiver is functioning by instructing the aircraft on the frequency so far used to acknowledge by making a specified manoeuvre and by observing the aircraft’s track, or by instructing the aircraft to operate IDENT or to make code changes.
Note.— Transponder equipped aircraft experiencing radio-communication failure will operate the transponder on Mode A Code 7600.
8.3.1.2 If the action prescribed in 8.3.1.1 is unsuccessful, it shall be repeated on any other available frequency on which it is believed that the aircraft might be listening.
8.3.1.3 In both the cases covered by 8.3.1.1 and 8.3.1.2, any manoeuvring instructions shall be such that the aircraft would regain its current cleared track after having complied with the instructions received.
8.3.1.4 Where it has been established by the action in
8.3.1.1 that the aircraft’s radio receiver is functioning, con-tinued control of transponder equipped aircraft where SSR is available can be effected using code changes or IDENT trans-missions to obtain acknowledgement of clearances issued to the aircraft.
8.3.2 Complete aircraft communication failure
8.3.2.1 When a controlled aircraft experiencing complete communication failure is operating or expected to operate in an area and at flight levels where radar separation is applied, such separation may continue to be used. However, if the aircraft experiencing the communication failure is not identified, radar separation shall be applied between aircraft under radar control and all unidentified aircraft observed along the expected route of the aircraft with the communication failure, until such time as it is known, or can safely be assumed, that the aircraft with radio failure has passed through the airspace concerned, has landed, or has proceeded elsewhere.
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