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Note.— Navigational assistance by an air traffic services unit is particularly important if the unit becomes aware of an aircraft straying, or about to stray, into an area where there is a risk of interception or other hazard to its safety.
18.1.1 If the aircraft’s position is not known, the air traffic services unit shall:
a)  attempt to establish two-way communication with the aircraft, unless such communication already exists;
b)  use all available means to determine its position;
c)  inform other ATS units into whose area the aircraft may have strayed or may stray, taking into account all

III. Area Control Service
the factors which may have affected the navigation of the aircraft in the circumstances;
d)  inform, in accordance with locally agreed procedures, appropriate military units and provide them with pertinent flight plan and other data concerning the strayed aircraft;
e)  request from the units referred to in c) and d) and from other aircraft in flight every assistance in establishing communication with the aircraft and determining its position.

Note.— The requirements in d) and e) apply also to ATS units informed in accordance with c).
18.1.2 When the aircraft’s position is established, the air traffic services unit shall:
a)  advise the aircraft of its position and corrective action to be taken; and
b)  provide, as necessary, other ATS units and appro-priate military units with relevant information con-cerning the strayed aircraft and any advice given to that aircraft.

18.2 As soon as an air traffic services unit becomes aware of an unidentified aircraft in its area, it shall endeavour to establish the identity of the aircraft whenever this is necessary for the provision of air traffic services or required by the appropriate military authorities in accordance with locally agreed procedures. To this end, the air traffic services unit shall take such of the following steps as are appropriate in the circumstances:
a)  attempt to establish two-way communication with the aircraft;
b)  inquire of other air traffic services units within the flight information region about the flight and request their assistance in establishing two-way communi-cation with the aircraft;
c)  inquire of air traffic services units serving the adjacent flight information regions about the flight and request their assistance in establishing two-way communication with the aircraft;
d)  attempt to obtain information from other aircraft in the area.
18.2.1 The air traffic services unit shall, as necessary, inform the appropriate military unit as soon as the identity of the aircraft has been established.
Note.— Requirements for co-ordination between military authorities and air traffic services are specified in Annex 11,
2.16.
19. Interception of civil aircraft
19.1 As soon as an air traffic services unit learns that an aircraft is being intercepted in its area of responsibility, it shall take such of the following steps as are appropriate in the circumstances:
a)  attempt to establish two-way communication with the intercepted aircraft on any available frequency, including the emergency frequency 121.5 MHz, unless such communication already exists;
b)  inform the pilot of the intercepted aircraft of the interception;
c)  establish contact with the intercept control unit maintaining two-way communication with the inter-cepting aircraft and provide it with available infor-mation concerning the aircraft;
d)  relay messages between the intercepting aircraft or the intercept control unit and the intercepted aircraft, as necessary;
e)  in close co-ordination with the intercept control unit take all necessary steps to ensure the safety of the intercepted aircraft; and
f)  inform ATS units serving adjacent flight information regions if it appears that the aircraft has strayed from such adjacent flight information regions.
　
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