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8.6.2.3 When aircraft are at, or are expected to reduce to, the minimum separation applicable, speed control techniques, including assigning Mach number, shall be applied to ensure that the minimum distance exists throughout the period of application of the minima.
8.6.2.4 Where a considerable change of level is involved using distance-based separation, a descending aircraft may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below the higher aircraft (e.g. 4 000 ft or less) to permit a further check on the separation that will be maintained while vertical separation does not exist.
8.6.3  Longitudinal distance-based separation minima in an RNP RNAV environment
8.6.3.1 For aircraft cruising, climbing or descending on the same track, the following separation standards may be used:
Separation standard  RNP type  Communication requirement  Surveillance requirement  Distance verification requirements 
80 NM  20  Direct controller-pilot communications (see 8.5.1)  Procedural position reports  At least every 60 minutes 
50 NM  10  Direct controller-pilot communications  Procedural position reports  At least every 30 minutes 

Note 1.— It should be noted that the separation standards depicted above are based on safety assessments performed specifically for a particular network of tracks or routes.  As such, the assessments evaluated traffic characteristics which might be unique to the network being assessed.
Note 2.— The separation minima above were developed in accordance with a collision risk analysis which dictates conditions under which these minima can be applied.
Note 3.— Detailed information on the analysis used to determine these separation minima and on performing safety
No. 2
assessments is contained in the Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology for the Determination of Separation Minima
(Doc 9689).
8.6.3.1.1 During the application of the 50 NM separation minimum, when an aircraft fails to report its position, the controller shall take action within 3 minutes to establish communication. If communication has not been established within 8 minutes of the time the report should have been received, the controller shall take action to apply an alternative form of separation.
8.6.3.1.1.1 Where automated position reporting applies, a common time reference shall be used.
8.6.3.2 Aircraft may be cleared to climb or descend to or through the levels occupied by the other provided that it has been positively established that the aircraft have passed each other by the applicable separation standard.
REDUCTION IN
SEPARATION MINIMA

9. The separation minima detailed in 7 and 8 may be reduced in the following circumstances.
9.1 As determined by the appropriate ATS authority, after prior consultation with the aircraft operators, as appropriate:
a)  when special electronic or other aids enable the pilot-in-command of an aircraft to determine accurately the aircraft’s position and when adequate communication facilities exist for that position to be transmitted without delay to the appropriate air traffic control unit; or
b)  when, in association with rapid and reliable communi-cation facilities, radar-derived information of an aircraft’s position is available to the appropriate air traffic control unit; or
c)  when special electronic or other aids enable the air traffic controller to predict rapidly and accurately the flight paths of aircraft and adequate facilities exist to verify frequently the actual aircraft positions with the predicted positions; or
d)  when RNAV-equipped aircraft operate within the coverage of electronic aids that provide the necessary updates to maintain navigation accuracy.

III. Area Control Service
Note.— Attention is drawn to the guidance material contained in the Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426) regarding conditions governing the reduction of separation minima.
　
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