Figure III-7 (see 8.1.4 c)) 8.2 Longitudinal separation minima based on time
8.2.1 Aircraft at the same cruising level
8.2.1.1 Aircraft flying on the same track:
a) 15 minutes (see Figure III-8); or
b) 10 minutes, if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed (see Figure III-9); or
c) 5 minutes in the following cases, provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 37 km/h (20 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft (see Figure III-10):
i) between aircraft that have departed from the same aerodrome;
ii) between en-route aircraft that have reported over the same exact reporting point;
iii) between departing and en-route aircraft after the en-route aircraft has reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure point as to ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point the departing aircraft will join the air route; or
d) 3 minutes in the cases listed under c) provided that in each case the preceding aircraft is maintaining a true airspeed of 74 km/h (40 kt) or more faster than the succeeding aircraft (see Figure III-11).
8.2.1.2 Aircraft flying on crossing tracks:
a) 15 minutes (see Figure III-12); or
b) 10 minutes if navigation aids permit frequent deter-mination of position and speed (see Figure III-13).
8.2.2 Aircraft climbing or descending
8.2.2.1 Traffic on the same track. When an aircraft will pass through the level of another aircraft on the same track, the following minimum longitudinal separation shall be provided:
a) 15 minutes while vertical separation does not exist (see Figures III-14A and III-14B); or
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Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC)
b) 10 minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that such separation is authorized only where navigation aids permit frequent determination of pos-ition and speed (see Figures III-15A and III-15B); or
c) 5 minutes while vertical separation does not exist, provided that the level change is commenced within 10 minutes of the time the second aircraft has reported over an exact reporting point (see Figures III-16A and III-16B).
Note.— To facilitate application of the procedure where a considerable change of level is involved, a descending aircraft may be cleared to some convenient level above the lower aircraft, or a climbing aircraft to some convenient level below the higher aircraft, to permit a further check on the separation that will obtain while vertical separation does not exist.
8.2.2.2 Traffic on crossing tracks:
a) 15 minutes while vertical separation does not exist (see Figures III-17A and III-17B); or
b) 10 minutes while vertical separation does not exist if navigation aids permit frequent determination of position and speed (see Figures III-18A and III-18B).
8.2.3 Traffic on reciprocal tracks. Where lateral separation is not provided, vertical separation shall be provided for at least ten minutes prior to and after the time the aircraft are estimated to pass, or are estimated to have passed (see Figure III-19). Provided that it has been determined that the aircraft have passed each other, this minimum need not apply.
8.3 Longitudinal separation minima based on distance using DME
8.3.1 Separation shall be established by maintaining not less than specified distance(s) between aircraft positions as reported by reference to DME in conjunction with other appropriate navigation aids. Direct controller-pilot communi-cation shall be maintained while such separation is used.
8.3.1.1 Aircraft at the same cruising level
8.3.1.1.1 Aircraft on the same track:
a) 37 km (20 NM), provided:
i) each aircraft utilizes “on-track” DME stations; and
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