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Item 12 — TURBULENCE.  Report severe turbulence as “TURBULENCE SEVERE”, moderate turbulence as “TURBULENCE MODERATE” and light turbulence as “TURBULENCE LIGHT”.
The following specifications apply:
Light — Conditions less than moderate turbulence.  Changes in accelerometer readings less than 0.5 g at the aircraft’s centre of gravity.
Moderate — Conditions in which moderate changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude may occur but the aircraft remains in positive control at all times.  Usually, small variations in air speed.  Changes in accelerometer readings of 0.5 g to 1.0 g at the aircraft’s centre of gravity.  Difficulty in walking. Occupants feel strain against seat belts. Loose objects move about.
Severe — Conditions in which abrupt changes in aircraft attitude and/or altitude occur; aircraft may be out of control for short periods.  Usually, large variations in air speed.  Changes in accelerometer readings greater than 1.0 g at the aircraft’s centre of gravity.  Occupants are forced violently against seat belts.  Loose objects are tossed about.

Item 13 — AIRCRAFT ICING. Report severe icing as “ICING SEVERE”, moderate icing as “ICING MODERATE” and light icing as “ICING LIGHT”.
The following specifications apply:
Light — Conditions less than moderate icing.
Moderate — Conditions in which change of heading and/or altitude may be considered desirable.
Severe —  Conditions in which immediate change of heading and/or altitude is considered essential.

Item 14 — HUMIDITY.  Report the relative humidity, if available, as “HUMIDITY” followed by the relative humidity in per cent (3 numerics) (e.g. HUMIDITY 085).
Item 15 — PHENOMENON PROMPTING A SPECIAL AIR-REPORT. Report one of the following phenomena encountered or observed:
.  
severe turbulence as “TURBULENCE SEVERE”
Specifications under Item 12 apply.

.  
severe icing as “ICING SEVERE”
Specifications under Item 13 apply.

.  
severe mountainwave as  “MOUNTAINWAVE SEVERE” The following specification applies: severe — conditions in which the accompanying downdraft is 3.0 m/s (600 ft/min) or more and/or severe turbulence is encountered.

.  
thunderstorm without hail as “THUNDERSTORM”

.  
thunderstorm with hail as “THUNDERSTORM WITH HAIL”
The following specification applies:
Only report those thunderstorms which are:

 

.  obscured in haze; or
.  
embedded in cloud; or

.  
widespread; or

.  
forming a squall-line.

.  
heavy duststorm or sandstorm as “DUSTSTORM or SANDSTORM HEAVY”

.  
volcanic ash cloud as “VOLCANIC ASH CLOUD”

.  
pre-eruption volcanic activity or a volcanic eruption as “PRE-ERUPTION VOLCANIC ACTIVITY or VOLCANIC ERUPTION” The following specifications apply: Pre-eruption volcanic activity in this context means unusual and/or increasing volcanic activity which could presage a volcanic eruption.

Note.— In case of volcanic ash cloud, pre-eruption volcanic activity or volcanic eruption, in accordance with Part II, 15.6, a post-flight report shall also be made on the special air-report of volcanic activity form (Model VAR).
The following phenomena shall be reported only by supersonic transport at transonic levels and supersonic cruising levels:
.  
moderate turbulence as “TURBULENCE MODERATE” Specifications under Item 12 apply.

.  
hail as “HAIL”

.  
　
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