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you overnight? Is restful accommodation
available?
What aerodromes are available?
Is fuel available? How do you get it?
Fuel must be part of your pre-flight planning and an essential ingredient of
your in-flight decisions. Check that you can get it along your proposed route.
The Route
!
ALAs have none of these!
Picture top: Canberra 1995. Alastair Bridges
Picture bottom courtesy USAF
Fuel
Expect it to cost!
200 litre drums - may have to buy full drum
Plan to fill up whenever possible
Ensure pumping equipment available
Beware contamination
Earth and check water
Fuel for aeroplanes, like cars, gets more expensive the more remote you are.
If you need drum fuel, you may have to buy the entire drum even if you don’t
want it all.
Know all the details about drum storage and refuelling from drums (see
CASA’s video ‘Safety on the ground’)
Charts
Must carry suitable charts - CAR, CASR Part 91
What are major features to look for?
Roads, railways, towns, rivers, lakes, hills
What features are always there despite season?
Roads, fences, fire breaks
Fixes - 30 minutes apart/funnels
6,000 - 9,000 feet.
Major features are usually there, but roads do shift sometimes. In densely
wooded areas, roads and railways can disappear. Hills, mountains and towns
are very permanent, roads and railways are fairly permanent.
Roads and fences can be confused as some fences have cleared areas or
parallel tracks.
Visual navigation requires a fix within 30 minutes. Funnel features like a road
and railway converging on a point help you to find a fix.
I find the best height for WAC charts is around 6,000 to 9,000 feet.
And more Charts
May change from reports
Floods. Which is ‘the river’?
Floods can take weeks to move downstream
Spot heights
Ground features - snow, drought, rain, crops
Ground features will look different from the air depending on snow, drought,
rain and seasonal crops.
Floods can make it impossible to determine just which is or where is the river.
Spot heights in generally flat, desert country are hard to pick from 8,000 feet.
Start with the Planning Chart Australia - PCA.
The PCA gives you:
- VHF coverage 5,000 and 10,000 feet.
- HF boundaries (red dotted lines), agency and frequencies (eg Brisbane
International 3467)
- ARFOR ID number in brown circle and ARFOR/QNH boundaries (brown
line)
- WAC number (eg 3357)
- Locations with dot and deidentifier on back.
Assume our flight from the east coast through Scone, Coonabarabran, Walget,
Goodooga and Cunnamulla and on north west.
PCA shows us VHF and HF, ARFOR, WACs and locations we fly near.
Flight from east coast through Scone, Coonabarabran, Walget, Goodooga and
Cunnamulla and on north west.
Green line is drawn from PCA. Note it does not take us directly from one
possible fix to another. So we draw a track which allows us to find fixes.
Departing Coonabarabran we parallel road/rail first 20 miles.
Crossing the road Coonamble to Pilliga is about half way for a ground speed,
ETA and fuel check.
Walgett funnel includes road on the left, rail from the right, river and airfield
south of the town and the Barwon River north of the town.
Out of Walgett, there are parallel roads either side of track.
Half way is about abeam the southern point of Coocoran Lake near Lightning
Ridge.
Funnel to Goodooga includes roads both sides, crossing roads and town
between then the aerodrome with the Culgoa River beyond the aerodrome.
And so on to Cunnamulla.
Bourke chart 3356 eleventh edition.
300/ 285 150 112 45 60 152
5
YCMU 27 085 155 285
300/ 315 150 70 28 35 60 197
5
YGDA 18 085 155 315
225
234
300/ 310 150 98 39 08 07 07 60 55
5
YWLG 58 085 155 310
264
269
YCBB 29 60 55
Fuel
Plan/
Act
Act
FF
Plan
FF
Rev ATA
EST
PLN
EST
PSN LSA Alt TAS TR Wind HDG G/S Dist ETI
I like to keep a flight plan running, even if no reporting is required. The
sections in black are all done before the flight.
For example, we found we are about 30 seconds ahead at that half point road
between Coonabarabran and Walgett so we should get to Walgett about a
minute early. We revise our ETA to 07.
We actually arrive at Walgett at 07. Time interval to Goodooga is 28 minutes.
ETA Goodooga is 35. So on.
And similar for fuel.
YCMU
YGDA
YWLG
YCBB
Fuel IAS Freq
Flow
Carb Vac Amp Tank
Temp
Oil
Pres
　
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