曝光臺 注意防騙 網曝天貓店富美金盛家居專營店坑蒙拐騙欺詐消費者

A. NDB (published in ERSA);
B. VOR and DME:
Aircraft Altitude (FT) Range (NM)
Below 5,000 60
5,000 to below 10,000 90
10,000 to below 15,000 120
15,000 to below 20,000 150
20,000 and above 180
C. Localizer:
Aircraft Altitude (FT) Range (NM)
Above 2,000 AGL within
±10° of course line 25
Below 5,000 30
5,000 and above 50
285
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
GENERAL
SECTION
NIGHT VFR
LOWEST SAFE ALTITUDE
1. The LSALT specified for a route segment is that for IFR procedures. Where an NDB
or VOR mark the segment, the tolerances applicable to the NDB are used.
Unreported obstacles up to 360FT may exist in navigation tolerance areas.
Therefore, LSALT is calculated by adding:
• 1,000FT to the highest obstacle, where the highest obstacle is more than 360FT
above the height determined for terrain, or
• 1,360FT to the height determined for terrain where the highest charted obstacle is
less than 360FT above the height determined for terrain.
The minimum LSALT published is 1,500FT due to lack of data concerning terrain near
sea level
LSALT details for RNAV routes are shown in each grid square formed by the parallels
and meridians. On the ERCs-H, the grid is at 4° intervals, and at 1° intervals on the
ERC-L and TACs (See also AIP GEN 3.3 para 3.2).
Lowest safe altitudes for IFR flights are published in MAP, NOTAM or AIP Supplement.
Grid LSALTs have been determined for ERC and TAC. On each ERC-H the grid for each
LSALT is a square with the dimensions of four degrees of latitude by four degrees of
longitude. On ERC-L and TAC, the grid squares comprise one degree of latitude by one
degree of longitude. The Grid LSALT is normally displayed in the centre of the grid
square.
A pilot using Grid LSALT for obstacle clearance is responsible for determining the
allowance for navigation error that should be applied, considering the limitations of
the navigation aids or method of navigation being used for position fixing. This
navigation error allowance must be applied to the proposed track. The highest Grid
LSALT falling within the area covered by the determined navigation error must be used.
If the navigation of the aircraft is inaccurate, or the aircraft is deliberately flown off
track, or whenever there is failure of any radio navigation aid normally available, the
pilot in command must ensure that the aircraft is flown not lower than 1,000 FT above
the highest terrain or obstacle within a circle, centred on the DR position, with a radius
of 5NM plus 20% of the air distance flown from the last positive fix.
286
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
RADIO NAV SYSTEMS
SECTION
NIGHT VFR
2. For routes and route segments not shown in MAP, the lowest safe altitude shall be
not less than 1,000FT above the highest terrain or obstacle within an area of 5NM
surrounding and including the area described on the following paragraphs 3 and 4,
except that where the highest terrain or obstacle in the tolerance area is not above
500FT, the lowest safe altitude shall be not less than 1,500FT. To ensure compliance
with the foregoing requirement, LSALT must be calculated using the following
methodology (which takes into account the obstacle reporting requirements of
CAR 89Y).
After assessing obstacles and terrain in the relevant area, either:
• where the highest obstacle is more than 360FT above the height determined for
terrain, add 1,000FT to the highest obstacle: or
• where the highest charted obstacle is less than 360FT above the height determined
for terrain, or there is no charted obstacle, add 1,360FT to the height determined for
terrain.
PLANNED TRACK
AIR DISTANCE + 20% + 5NM
TRACK MADE GOOD
DR POSITION
287
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
LOWEST SAFE ALTITUDE
SECTION
NIGHT VFR
LSALT 2360FT
1260FT
1000FT
ASSUMING AN OBSTACLE IS
360FT BESIDE MARKED OBSTACLE
260FT
360FT
Marked Obstacle
1000FT
360FT + 1000FT = 1360FT + 1000FT = LSALT 2360FT
LSALT 2460FT
1460FT
1000FT
460FT
1000FT
460FT + 1000FT = 1460FT + 1000FT = LSALT 2460FT
288
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
LOWEST SAFE ALTITUDE
SECTION
NIGHT VFR
FOR ROUTES DEFINED BY RADIO NAVIGATION AIDS OR TO BE
NAVIGATED BY DR
3. Lines drawn from the departure point or en route radio aid, 10.3° each side of the
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：VFR Flight Guide(104)