TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1
1. SUMMARY 4
2. PREAMBLE 5
3. INTRODUCTION 6
4. PRE-FLIGHT PROCEDURES 7
4.1 CENTER OF GRAVITY POSITION 8
4.1.1 INTRODUCTION 8
4.1.2 AUTOMATIC CENTER OF GRAVITY MANAGEMENT 8
4.1.3 INFLUENCE ON FUEL CONSUMPTION 9
4.2 TAKEOFF WEIGHT 11
4.2.1 INTRODUCTION 11
4.2.2 OVERLOAD EFFECT 11
4.2.3 AIRCRAFT OPERATING WEIGHT 12
4.2.4 PAYLOAD 13
4.2.5 EMBARKED FUEL 13
4.3 FLIGHT PLANNING 14
4.4 TAXIING 17
4.5 FUEL FOR TRANSPORTATION 19
4.6 AUXILIARY POWER UNIT 21
4.7 AERODYNAMIC DETERIORATION 23
5. IN FLIGHT PROCEDURES 24
5.1 Take-off and Initial Climb 25
5.1.1 INTRODUCTIONMin Drag 25
5.1.2 BLEEDS 25
5.1.3 CONFIGURATION 25
5.1.4 SPEEDS 26
5.1.5 FLEX THRUST 26
5.1.6 NOISE FLIGHT PATHS 26
5.1.7 COURSE REVERSAL 26
5.2 CLIMB 27
5.2.1 INTRODUCTION 27
5.2.2 THE EFFECT OF CLIMB TECHNIQUE ON FUEL BURN 28
5.2.3 CORRELATION OF FUEL BURN & TIME WITH CLIMB TECHNIQUE 31
5.2.4 CLIMB TECHNIQUE COMPARISON TABLES 34
5.2.5 DERATED CLIMB 35
5.3 CRUISE 36
5.3.1 INTRODUCTION 36
5.3.2 CRUISE ALTITUDE OPTIMISATION 37
5.3.3 CRUISE SPEED OPTIMISATION 47
5.3.4 WIND INFLUENCE 49
5.3.5 MANAGED MODE 52
5.3.6 EFFECT OF SPEED INCREASE ON MANAGED MODE 56
5.4 DESCENT 57
5.4.1 INTRODUCTION 57
5.4.2 THE EFFECT OF DESCENT TECHNIQUES ON FUEL BURN 58
5.4.3 MANAGED MODE DESCENT 60
5.4.4 EARLY DESCENT 60
5.5 HOLDING 62
5.5.1 INTRODUCTION 62
5.5.2 VARIOUS CONFIGURATION / SPEED COMBINATIONS 63
5.5.3 LINEAR HOLDING 68
5.6 APPROACH 70
5.6.1 FLIGHT PATH PRIOR TO GLIDE SLOPE INTERCEPTION 70
5.6.2 LANDING GEAR EXTENSION 70
6. DETAILED SUMMARY 71
6.1 INTRODUCTION 71
6.2 General guidelines 71
6.2.1 PRE-FLIGHT PROCEDURES 71
6.2.2 TAKE-FF AND INITIAL CLIMB 72
6.2.3 CLIMB 72
6.2.4 CRUISE 72
6.2.5 DESCENT 72
6.2.6 HOLDING 73
6.2.7 APPROACH 73
6.3 FUEL SAVINGS 73
6.4 ECONOMIC BENEFITS 75
7. CONCLUSIONS 76
8. APPENDICES 77
APPENDIX A (Climb Charts) 78
APPENDIX B (Descent Charts) 80
 

 
 
1. SUMMARY

Fuel Consumption is a major cost to any airline, and  airlines need to focus their attention on this in order to maintain their profitability. This brochure looks at all the significant operating variables that affect fuel economy for the current Airbus range of aircraft.
 
This brochure shows that there are many factors that affect fuel consumption and that the potential gains and losses are huge. Most of these factors are directly controlled by the airlines own employees (flight crew, operations/dispatch, maintenance, etc.).
　
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