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The pilot was familiar with steady 15 knot winds,
but did not understand that calm wind increasing
cyclically to 15 knots indicates thermal activity.
• The pilot did not initially react to the updraft and
resultant high pitch angle properly because pitch
management habits had not been developed. The pilot
hit the updraft and allowed the force of the updraft
to move the control bar forward, increasing the pitch
angle while not letting up on the throttle immediately.
Both the control bar forward and full throttle forced
the nose too high, creating the high pitch angle and
whip stall condition. At the same time, the WSC
aircraft fl ew into the downdraft, starting the nosedown
rotation.
• If the pilot had reacted quickly, pulled in the bar while
letting up on the throttle and immediately going into
the strong thermal, the high pitch angle would not have
been achieved and the strong forward rotation would
not have happened so abruptly.
After the series of errors occurred, the pilot fi nally performed
the preventive action to avoid a tumble—from the basic
training of “If the WSC is at a high pitch angle and the
nose starts to rotate down to a low pitch angle, increase to
full power while pushing the control bar full out to avoid a
tumble.”
Chapter Summary
Knowledge of the effects and use of the controls is basic to
develop a “feel” of the aircraft and become accustomed to
“attitude” fl ying. This is the basis for all fl ight maneuvers. The
four basic WSC fl ight maneuvers requiring pilot profi ciency
are:
• Straight-and-level fl ight.
• Level turns.
• Climbs and climbing turns.
• Descents and descending turns.
Once the basic maneuvers are mastered, the steep turn allows
the pilot to achieve maximum performance from the aircraft.
Energy management techniques provide the basis for fl ying in
different atmospheric conditions and introduce the student to
precise pitch and power control. Slow fl ight and stall provide
the pilot an awareness of the ability of the WSC to fl y at the
lower end of the WSC performance.
Whip stalls and tumbles are unique to WSC fl ight, and pilot
awareness and avoidance is an important concept for WSC
pilots to understand.
7-1
Introduction
This chapter discusses takeoffs and departure climbs in
weight-shift control (WSC) aircraft with tricycle landing
gear under normal conditions, crosswinds, and under
conditions which require maximum performance. A thorough
knowledge of takeoff principles, both in theory and practice,
is extremely valuable throughout a pilot’s career. It often
prevents an attempted takeoff that would result in an accident,
or during an emergency, makes a takeoff possible under
critical conditions in which a pilot with less knowledge and
lesser technique would normally fail.
Takeoff and
Departure Climbs
Chapter 7
7-2
Figure 7-1. Takeoff and climb.
2525
TAKEOFF ROLL LIFT-OFF CLIMB EN ROUTE
TAKEOFF POWER ROTATION BEST CLIMB SPEED SAFE MANEUVERING
ALTITUDE CLIMB POWER
The takeoff, though relatively simple, often presents the most
hazards of any part of a fl ight. The importance of thorough
knowledge, faultless technique, and sound judgment cannot
be overemphasized.
It must be remembered that the manufacturer’s recommended
procedures, including confi guration and airspeeds, and other
information relevant to takeoffs and departure climbs in
a specifi c make and model WSC aircraft are contained in
the Airplane Flight Manual/Pilot’s Operating Handbook
(AFM/POH). If any of the information in this chapter differs
from the manufacturer’s recommendations as contained in
the AFM/POH, the manufacturer’s recommendations take
precedence.
Terms and Defi nitions
Although the takeoff and climb is one continuous maneuver,
it is divided into three separate steps for purposes of
explanation: takeoff roll, lift-off, and initial climb after
becoming airborne. [Figure 7-1]
• Takeoff roll ( ground roll)—the portion of the takeoff
procedure during which the aircraft is accelerated from
standstill to an airspeed that provides suffi cient lift for
it to become airborne.
• Lift-off ( rotation)—the act of becoming airborne as a
result of the wings lifting the aircraft off the ground
or the pilot rotating the nose up, increasing the angle
of attack to start a climb.
• Initial climb—begins when the aircraft leaves the
ground and an initial pitch attitude has been established
　
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