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distinguishable.
Prominently lighted checkpoints along the prepared course
should be noted. Rotating beacons at airports, lighted
obstructions, lights of cities or towns, and lights from major
highway traffi c all provide excellent visual checkpoints. The
use of a GPS with a lighted screen adds signifi cantly to the
safety and effi ciency of night fl ying.
All personal equipment should be checked prior to fl ight to
ensure proper functioning. It is very disconcerting to fi nd at
the time of need that a fl ashlight does not work.
All aircraft lights should be turned on momentarily and
checked for operation. Position lights can be checked for
loose connections by tapping the light fi xture. If the lights
blink while being tapped, further investigation to determine
the cause should be made prior to fl ight.
The parking ramp should be examined prior to entering the
aircraft. During the day, it is quite easy to see stepladders,
chuckholes, wheel chocks, and other obstructions, but at
night it is more diffi cult. A check of the area can prevent
taxiing mishaps.
Starting, Taxiing, and Runup
After the pilot is seated in the fl ight deck and prior to starting
the engine, all items and materials to be used on the fl ight
should be arranged in such a manner that they will be readily
available and convenient to use.
Extra caution should be taken at night to assure the propeller
area is clear. Turning the rotating beacon on or fl ashing the
aircraft position lights serves to alert persons nearby to remain
clear of the propeller. To avoid excessive drain of electrical
current from the battery, it is recommended that unnecessary
electrical equipment be turned off until after the engine has
been started.
12-9
Figure 12-8. Reviewing before-takeoff checklist, which is included
for the flight with the sectional charts on the kneeboard.
After starting and before taxiing, the taxi or landing light
should be turned on. Continuous use of the landing light with
revolutions per minute (rpm) power settings normally used
for taxiing may place an excessive drain on the aircraft’s
electrical system. Also, overheating of the landing light could
become a problem because of inadequate airfl ow to carry the
heat away. Landing lights should be used as necessary while
taxiing. When using landing lights, consideration should be
given to not blinding other pilots. Taxi slowly, particularly
in congested areas. If taxi lines are painted on the ramp or
taxiway, these lines should be followed to ensure a proper
path along the route.
The before takeoff and runup should be performed using the
checklist. During the day, forward movement of the aircraft
can be detected easily. At night, the aircraft could creep
forward without being noticed unless the pilot is alert for this
possibility. Hold or lock the brakes during the runup and be
alert for any forward movement. [Figure 12-8]
Takeoff and Climb
Night fl ying is very different from day fl ying and demands
more attention of the pilot. The most noticeable difference
is the limited availability of outside visual references.
Therefore, fl ight instruments should be used as a reference
in controlling the aircraft. This is particularly true on night
takeoffs and climbs. The fl ight deck lights should be adjusted
to a minimum brightness that allows the pilot to read the
instruments and switches but not hinder the pilot’s outside
vision. This also eliminates light refl ections on the windshield
and instruments.
After ensuring that the fi nal approach and runway are clear
of other air traffi c, or when cleared for takeoff by the tower,
the landing lights and taxi lights should be turned on and the
WSC aircraft lined up with the centerline of the runway. If
the runway does not have centerline lighting, use the painted
centerline and the runway edge lights. After the aircraft
is aligned, the heading indicator should be noted or set to
correspond to the known runway direction. The magnetic
compass should read the exact direction of the runway. The
GPS does not provide meaningful information while stopped
or turning because it measures ground track and needs to be
moving to register enough points to provide accurate data.
To begin the takeoff, the brakes should be released and the
throttle smoothly advanced to maximum allowable power.
As the aircraft accelerates, it should be kept moving straight
ahead between and parallel to the runway-edge lights.
The procedure for night takeoffs is the same as for normal
daytime takeoffs except that many of the runway visual cues
　
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