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a temperature of 15 °C (59 °F). Pressure and temperature
normally decrease as altitude increases. The standard lapse
rate in the lower atmosphere for each 1,000 feet of altitude
is approximately 1 "Hg and 2 °C (3.5 °F). For example, the
standard pressure and temperature at 3,000 feet mean sea
level (MSL) is 26.92 "Hg (29.92 – 3) and 9 °C (15 – 6).
Static pressure. The pressure of air that is still, or not
moving, measured perpendicular to the surface exposed to
the air.
Static stability. The initial tendency an aircraft displays
when disturbed from a state of equilibrium.
Stationary front. A front that is moving at a speed of less
than 5 knots.
Steep turn. Turn resulting from a degree of bank of 45
degrees or more.
Straight-in approach. Entry into the traffic pattern by
interception of the extended runway centerline (final
approach course) without executing any other portion of the
traffic pattern.
Stress management. The personal analysis of the kinds of
stress experienced while flying, the application of appropriate
stress assessment tools, and other coping mechanisms.
Strobe. A high-intensity white flashing light. Strobe lights
are located on aircraft wingtips to increase aircraft visibility
in low light conditions.
Strut. Wing structural member used to hold the wings in
place instead of the flying and ground wires for some designs.
The “strutted wing” does not use a kingpost.
Student Pilot Certificate. An FAA issued certificate that
permits student pilots to exercise solo pilot privileges with
limitations. This can be a student’s FAA third class medical
or a student pilot certificate issued for flying an LSA using
a driver’s license as medical eligibility.
SUA. See special use airspace.
Surface analysis chart. A report that depicts an analysis of
the current surface weather. Shows the areas of high and low
pressure, fronts, temperatures, dewpoints, wind directions
and speeds, local weather, and visual obstructions.
Tailwind. Wind blowing in the same direction the aircraft is
moving. When an aircraft is flying with a tailwind, its speed
over the ground is equal to its speed through the air, plus the
speed the air is moving over the ground.
Takeoff clearance. ATC authorization for an aircraft to
depart a runway. It is predicated on known traffic and known
physical airport conditions.
Taxi. The movement of an aircraft under its own power
while on the ground.
Taxiway. Airport area designated for aircraft surface
movement.
Temporary flight restriction (TFR). Designated airspace
of specified dimension where flight is temporarily restricted
or prohibited. NOTAMs are issued to advise airmen of local
TFR restrictions.
G-17
Terminal aerodrome forecast (TAF). A report established
for the 5 statute mile radius around an airport. Utilizes the
same descriptors and abbreviations as the METAR report.
Terminal Radar Service Area (TRSA). Area where
participating pilots can receive additional radar services, the
purpose of which is to provide separation between all IFR
operations and participating VFR aircraft.
TFR. See temporary flight restriction.
Thermal. A buoyant plume or bubble of rising air.
Throttle. The control in an aircraft that regulates the power
or thrust the pilot wants the engine to develop from the valve
in a carburetor or fuel control unit that determines the amount
of fuel-air mixture that is fed to the engine.
Thrust. The force which imparts a change in the velocity
of a mass. A forward force which propels the WSC through
the air.
Thrust line. An imaginary line passing through the center of
the propeller hub, perpendicular to the plane of the propeller
rotation.
Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR).
That portion of the code formerly called the Federal Aviation
Regulations (FAR) governing the operation of aircraft,
airways, and airmen.
Torque. (1) A resistance to turning or twisting. (2) Forces
that produce a twisting or rotating motion. (3) In a WSC, the
tendency of the aircraft to turn (roll) in the opposite direction
of rotation of the engine and propeller.
Total drag. The sum of the parasite and induced drag.
Touch and go. An operation by an aircraft that lands and
takes off without stopping.
Touchdown point. The point or intended point at which an
aircraft first makes contact with the landing surface.
Touchdown zone. The portion of a runway, beyond the
threshold, where it is intended landing aircraft first contact
the runway.
　
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