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until it warms and normal internal operating clearances are
reached.
On four-stroke engines, as soon as the engine is started,
the oil pressure should be checked. If it does not rise to
the manufacturer’s specifi ed value, the engine may not
be receiving proper lubrication and should be shut down
immediately to prevent serious damage.
Taxiing
Since an aircraft is moved under its own power between
the startup area and the runway, the pilot must thoroughly
understand and be profi cient in taxi procedures. When the
brakes are fi rst released and the aircraft starts to roll, the
brakes should be tested immediately for proper operation.
Applying power to start the WSC aircraft moving forward
slowly, then retarding the throttle and simultaneously
applying pressure smoothly on the brake may be needed to
accomplish this. If braking action is unsatisfactory, the engine
should be shut down immediately.
When yellow taxiway centerline stripes are provided, they
should be followed unless it becomes necessary to deviate
to clear aircraft or obstructions. [Figure 5-65]
An awareness of other aircraft that are taking off, landing, or
taxiing, and consideration for the right-of-way of others is
essential to safety. When taxiing, the pilot’s eyes should be
looking outside the aircraft, to the sides, as well as the front.
The pilot must be aware of the entire area around the aircraft
to ensure that it clears all obstructions, people, animals, and
other aircraft. If at any time there is doubt about the clearance
from an object, the pilot should stop the aircraft and check
5-25
Figure 5-66. Taxi on the airport yellow taxi line, but stop at the
“hold short line” to get clearance before taxiing across or onto an
active airport runway.
the clearance. The WSC aircraft does have the advantage of
the wing tip capability of being raised and lowered to clear
objects.
It is diffi cult to set any rule for a single, safe taxiing speed.
What is reasonable and prudent under some conditions may
be hazardous under others. The primary requirements for safe
taxiing are positive control, the ability to recognize potential
hazards in time to avoid them, and the ability to stop or turn
where and when desired without undue reliance on the brakes.
Pilots should proceed at a cautious speed on congested or
busy ramps. Normally, the speed should be at the rate at
which movement of the aircraft is dependent on the throttle.
That is, the speed should be low enough that when the throttle
is closed, the aircraft can be stopped promptly.
A GPS provides this speed since the airspeed indicator is not
effective at these lower speeds. A rule of thumb is 5 mph, brisk
walking speed, or 10 mph for long unobstructed areas. When
taxiing, it is best to slow down before attempting a turn.
WSC aircraft taxi with the wing typically held in a neutral
position, but stronger winds may require positioning of the
wing so it cannot be lifted. Position controls properly for
wind conditions:
• Strong tailwind—pitch control normal or slight nose
up with wings level.
• Strong headwind—pitch control nose down with
wings level.
• Strong quartering tail wind—nose normal with upwind
wing slightly down so wind cannot catch it, but not to
low to cause excess stress on carriage mast.
• Strong quartering head wind—nose down with upwind
wing slightly down so wind cannot catch it, but not
low enough to cause excess stress on carriage mast.
Checklist for Taxi
Plan taxi path to runway to avoid paths that would put the
aircraft behind any propeller or jet blast. Observe other
aircraft closely which could start up and taxi in front, if
practical.
• Turn on strobe light (if applicable).
• Release brake.
• When fi rst rolling, immediately check brakes, steering,
and shut down if either is not functioning properly.
• Observe proper right of way while taxiing.
- Taxiing aircraft yield to landing aircraft, so
landing craft have right of way over taxiing
aircraft.
- Two aircraft approaching head on will turn right
(similar to what is done in a car).
- Two aircraft traveling in same direction, the
forward aircraft has right of way because its pilot
can not normally see the aircraft in back.
- With two airplanes converging, the pilot who sees
an aircraft on the right must avoid that aircraft.
The aircraft on the right has the right of way.
• Runway incursions—observe all taxiway and runway
markings.
Runway incursions are a signifi cant risk and must be avoided.
　
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