.  
Absence of English language proficiency in ATC communications and/or use of non-standard phraseology.

Airport Equipment
.  
Absence of / limited / low intensity approach and runway lighting (or part of it);

.  
Non-standard runway-edge lights spacing;

.  
Absence of ILS;

.  
ILS unusable beyond a specific point (because of obstacles) or below a specific altitude (because of approach over water);

.  
ILS without OM;

.  
ILS without VASI/PAPI to support the visual segment ;

.  
Offset VOR/DME approach;

.  
VOR/DME with inoperative DME;

.  
VOR incorrect calibration;

.  
NDB known as unreliable in adverse weather conditions;

.  
Non-precision or circling approach with absence of VASI / PAPI;

.  
VASI/PAPI being incorrectly calibrated or inoperative;

.  
Unsecured airport (i.e., absence of airport perimeter fences, allowing vehicles, persons or animals to access to runway or maneuvering areas);

.  
No illumination of wind sock or wind “T”; and/or,

.  
Faded painting of runway and/or taxiways markings.

Terrain
.  
Trees or man-made obstacles (antennas, ...) penetrating the obstacle clearance level;

.  
Topographical features requiring unusual procedures and reduced safety margins; and/or,

.  
Terrain features resulting in GPWS activation during approach.

Refer to Briefing Note 5.2 – Terrain Awareness for expanded information.
Visual Illusions
.  
Airport environment (black hole, ...);

.  
Runway environment; and/or,

.  
Weather conditions.

Refer to Briefing Note 5.3 – Visual Illusions Awareness for expanded information.
Visibility
.  Darkness, low visibility (rain, fog, mist, haze, low lighting, smoke).
Wind conditions
.  
Shifting or gusty wind, crosswind or tail wind; and/or,

.  
Known frequent wind shear on final approach of specific runway under adverse weather and / or wind conditions.

Refer to Briefing Note 5.4 – Wind Shear Awareness for expanded information.

Approach Hazards Awareness – General
Page 3

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
    Flight Operations Support

Runway condition
.  
Wet, but known as slippery-when-wet;

.  
Contaminated with standing water, slush, snow or ice;

.  
Heavy rubber deposit in touchdown zone;

.  
Reduced braking action; 

.  
Insufficient water drainage or runway surface condition leaving water puddles after rain; and/or,

.  
Undulated surface in touchdown zone area.

Taxiways
.  
Absence of high-speed-exit taxiways;

.  
Absence of parallel taxiway, thus requiring back track on the active runway; and/or,

.  
Non-standard taxiway marking and/or non-standard signs.

Low temperature operation
.  Absence of a defined OAT threshold below which, a temperature correction on published altitudes is required.
Bird Strike Hazard
.  Permanent or seasonal bird activity, without available bird control program and squad.
                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
　
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