.  
Establishes a summary of operational and training key points;

.  
Provides cross-reference to the associated or related Briefing Notes; and,

.  
References the relevant ICAO, U.S. FAR and European JAR documents.

Should any deviation appears between the information provided in this brochure and that published in the applicable Airplane Flight Manual (AFM), Flight Crew Operating Manual (FCOM), Quick Reference Handbook (QRH) and Flight Crew Training Manual (FCTM), the latter shall prevail at all times.

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support           Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Foreword Briefing Notes Summary ALAR Task Force – Conclusions and
Recommendations Introducing the Briefing Notes Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations Briefing Notes :

1 - Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
1.1 - Operating Philosophy
1.2 - Optimum Use of Automation
1.3 - Operations Golden Rules
1.4 - Standard Calls
1.5 - Normal Checklists
1.6 - Approach and Go-around Briefings

2 - Crew Coordination
2.1 - Human Factors in Approach-and-Landing Accidents
2.2 - CRM Issues in Approach-and-landing Accidents
2.3 - Effective Pilot/Controller Communications
2.4 - Intra-Cockpit Communications – Managing Interruptions and Distractions

3 - Altimeter and Altitude Issues
3.1 -Altimeter Setting – Use of Radio Altimeter
3.2 - Altitude deviations

4 - Descent and Approach Management
4.1 - Descent and Approach Profile Management
4.2 - Energy Management during Approach

5 - Approach Hazards Awareness
5.1 - Approach Hazards Awareness - General
5.2 - Terrain Awareness
5.3 - Visual Illusions Awareness
5.4 - Windshear Awareness
Table of Contents
Page 1

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
 Flight Operations Support

6 - Readiness and Commitment to      Go-around
6.1 - Being Prepared to Go-around
6.2 - Flying a Manual Go-around
6.3 - Terrain Avoidance ( Pull-up ) Maneuver
6.4 - Bounce Recovery – Rejected Landing

7 - Approach Techniques
7.1 - Flying Stabilized Approaches
7.2 - Flying Constant-Angle non-Precision Approaches
7.3 - Acquisition of Visual References
7.4 - Flying Visual Approaches
Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

8 - Landing Techniques
8.1 - Preventing Runway Excursions and Overruns
8.2 - The Final Approach Speed
8.3 - Factors Affecting Landing Distance
8.4 - Optimum Use of Braking Devices
8.5 - Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway
8.6 - About Wind Information -        What’s your Current Wind ?
8.7 - Crosswind Landing
Table of Contents
Page 2

Introduction
The brochure Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction provides operational recommendations and guidelines to implement the conclusions and recommendations of the following international working groups:
.  
Flight Safety Foundation (FSF) – CFIT and Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction (ALAR) Task Force; and,

.  
U.S. Commercial Aviation Safety Team (CAST)

– Joint Safety Implementation Team (JSIT) for ALAR.
Statistical Data
Approach-and-landing accidents (i.e., accidents that occur during initial approach, intermediate approach, final approach or landing) represent every year 55 % of total hull losses and 50 % of fatalities.
These statistical data have not shown any down trend over the past 40 years !
The flight segment from the outer marker to the completion of the landing roll represents only 4 % of the flight time but 45 % of hull losses.
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(2)