.
Prevent / minimize the risk of blocked transmission, in case of simultaneous readback by two aircraft with similar callsigns or simultaneous transmissions by the pilot and the controller; and,
.
Announce leaving [FL or altitude] only when the vertical speed indicator and the altimeter reflect the departure from the previous altitude.
Summary of Key Points
An altitude awareness program should be emphasized during transition and recurrent training and during line checks.
Blame-free reporting of altitude deviation events should be encourage to broaden the understanding of causal and circumstantial factors resulting in altitude deviations.
The following safety key points should be promoted:
.
Adhere to the pilot / controller readback / hearback process (communication circle);
.
Crosscheck and backup each other to ensure that the altitude selected is the cleared altitude received;
.
Cross-check that the cleared altitude is above the sector minimum safe altitude (unless crew is aware of the applicable minimum vectoring altitude for the sector);
.
Monitor instruments and automation when reaching the cleared altitude or FL; and,
.
In VMC, apply the technique one head inside / one head out when reaching the cleared altitude or FL.
The TCAS (ACAS) is an effective safeguard to minimize the consequences of altitude deviations.
Altitude deviations can be prevented by strict adherence to adequate SOPs, this includes:
.
Setting the altimeter-reference on barometric altimeters; and,
.
Selecting the cleared altitude or FL on the FCU.
Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes refer to altimeter setting and altitude issues:
.
1.1 - Operating Philosophy - SOPs,
.
1.3 - Operations Golden Rules,
.
1.4 - Standard Calls,
.
2.3 - Effective Pilot / Controller Communications,
.
2.4 - Intra-crew Communications – Managing Interruptions and Distractions,
.
3.2 - Altimeter Setting – Use of radio Altimeter.
Altitude Deviations
Page 5
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Flight Operations Support
Regulatory references
.
ICAO Annex 6, Parts I, II and III, Sections II and III (amended in 1995) for discouraging the use of three-pointer and drum-pointer altimeters.
.
ICAO Annex 6, Operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes, 4.2.6, 6.9.1 c) and Appendix 2, 5.13, 5.15.
.
ICAO – Procedures for Air Navigation Services
– Rules of the Air and Air Traffic Services (PANS-RAC, Doc 4444).
. ICAO – Procedures for Air Navigation Services
– Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS, Doc 8168), Volume I, Flight Procedures (Post Amendment No 11, applicable 1 November 2001).
.
FAR 91.119 for minimum safe altitude.
.
FAR 91.121 for altimeter setting.
.
FAR 91.129 for clarification of ATC com-munications.
.
FAR 91.221 and FAR 121.356 for TCAS installation.
.
FAA Draft AC 91-XX – Altimeter Errors at Cold Temperatures.
.
UK CAA CAP 413 for required criteria in announcing leaving an altitude or FL.
Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(82)
