.  
Loss of control;

.  
Runway overrun;

.  
Runway excursion; and,

.  
Non-stabilized approaches.

The scope of this brochure extends beyond approach-and-landing accidents, by addressing:
.  
Wind shear awareness in all flight phases, including takeoff and landing;

.  
Terrain awareness in all flight phases;

.  
Descent-and-approach preparation;

.  
Initial descent management; and,

.  
Go-around and missed-approach.

This extended scope addresses the type of events and causal factors involved in approximately 70 % of total hull losses.
Conclusions and Recommendations Operations and Training Issues
The conclusions and recommendations of the Flight Safety Foundation ALAR Task Force are appended to this Briefing Notes Summary.
These conclusions identify the following operations and training issues as frequent causal factors in approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving CFIT:
.  
Standard operating procedures;

.  
Decision-making in time-critical situations;

.  
Decision to initiate a go-around when warranted;

.  
Rushed and unstabilized approaches;

.  
Pilot/controller understanding of each other’ operational environment;

.  
Pilot/controller communications;

.  
Awareness of approach hazards (visual illusions, adverse wind conditions or operations on contaminated runway); and,

.  
Terrain awareness.

Briefing Notes Summary
Page 1

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
    Flight Operations Support
Operational Recommendations and Guidelines
Based on the conclusions and recommendations of the FSF and CAST working groups, Airbus Industrie has developed a set of Approach-and-Landing
Briefing Notes to provide background information, operational recommendations and training guidelines for the prevention of approach-and-landing incidents and accidents.
The Approach-and-Landing Briefing Notes address thirty-three operational and training subjects grouped into eight thematic chapters.
The following overview of the Approach-and-Landing Briefing Notes highlights the main operational recommendations and training guidelines applicable for each theme and subject.
These recommendations and guidelines should be considered for incorporation in the operator’s operations manual, aircraft operating manual and training manual, and emphasized during transition training, line training, recurrent training, line checks and line audits.

1 - Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs)
1.1 - Operating Philosophy
Company policies, technical and CRM training, line checks and line audits should:
.  
Promote strict adherence to SOPs; and,

.  
Identify and address the reasons for intentional or inadvertent deviations from SOPs.

Without strict adherence to SOPs, the effective implementation of CRM practices is not possible.
SOPs should emphasize the following aspects frequently involved in approach-and-landing accidents:
.  
Task sharing;

.  
Rules for use of automation;

.  
Standard calls;

.  
Use of normal checklists;

                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(3)