Recommendations:
.  
Operators should define the parameters of a stabilized approach in their flight operations manuals (policy manual) and/or in their aircraft operating manual (AOM), including at least the following elements:

. Intended flight path;
. Speed;
. Power setting;
. Attitude;
. Sink rate;
. Configuration; and,
. Crew readiness.

.  
All flights should be stabilized by 1000-ft (300m) height above airfield elevation in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) and by 500-ft (150m) above airfield elevation in visual meteorological conditions (VMC).

.  
The approach should be considered stabilized only if: . The aircraft is on the correct flight path; . Only small changes in heading and pitch are required to maintain that path; . The airspeed is:

°. not more than V APP + 10 kt IAS; and, °. not less than V APP – 5 kt;
Note :
The above recommendation has been adapted to reflect the Airbus V APP concept.
.  The aircraft is in the proper landing configuration;
.  The sink rate is not greater than 1 000 ft/mn;
If an approach requires a sink rate greater than 1 000 ft/mn, a special briefing is required;

Flight Safety Foundation ALAR Task Force – Conclusions and Recommendations
Page 3

.  The power setting is appropriate for the configuration and not below the minimum power for approach, as defined in the aircraft operating manual, as applicable; and,
.  All briefings and checklists have been performed; and,

.  In addition, LOC-only and ILS approaches are considered stabilized if they also fulfill the following:
.  LOC-only approaches must be flown within one dot of the localizer;
.  CAT I ILS approaches must be flown within one dot of the glide slope (GS) and localizer (LOC); and,
.  CAT II or CAT III ILS approaches must be flown within the glide slope and localizer excessive deviation warnings;
Note :
The above recommendation has been adapted
to reflect the Airbus LOC and GS excessive
deviation warnings.

.  
During visual approaches, wings must be level on final when the aircraft reaches 500 ft above airfield elevation;

.  
During circling approaches, wings must be level on final when the aircraft reaches 300 ft airfield elevation;

.  
Unique approaches may require a special briefing;

.  
Company policy (policy manual or SOPs) should state that a go-around is required if the aircraft becomes unstabilized during the approach;

.  
The implementation of certified constant-angle procedures for non-precision approaches should be expedited globally;

.  
Flight crews should be trained on the proper use of constant-angle, stabilized approach procedures;

.  
Flight crews should be educated on the approach design-criteria and minimum obstacle-clearance requirements (i.e., for each segment of the approach); and,

.  
Flightcrews should “take time to make time” whenever cockpit situation becomes confusing or ambiguous.

Pilot / Controller Communications:
Conclusions:
Improving communication and mutual understanding between air traffic control services and flight crews of each other’s operational environment will improve approach and landing safety.
Incorrect or inadequate:
.  
ATC instructions;

.  
Weather or traffic information; and/or,

.  
Advice/service in case of emergency,

are causal factors in more than 30 % of approach-and-landing accidents.
Approximately 70 % of altitude deviations are the result of a breakdown in the controller / pilot communication loop.
Recommendations:
　
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