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home, there's not much you can
do! It is not weakness to admit
you have a problem—rather, it
shows lack of judgement if you
do otherwise.
Stress Management
The point of stress management
programs is to help you see and
recognise stress, not to cure it.
You can help, however, in these
ways:
·  Reduce the load
·  Reduce self-medication
·  Exercise
·  Proper diet.
·  Keep a positive outlook on
life.
Organisational Factors
That is, the people we work for, or
with. An organisation is a structure
within which people work together
in an organised and coordinated way
to achieve certain goals.
The culture of the organisation can
have a significant bearing on how
people perform within it. Their goals
may conflict, for example, resources
may be insufficient, as may planning
or supervision. We all know about
pressures, commercial or otherwise.
Communication
Defined as the ability to put your
ideas into someone’s head and be
sure of success, or to exchange
information without it being
changed. Or both. Unfortunately,
even under ideal conditions, only
about 30% is retained, due to
inattention, misinterpretation,
expectations and emotions. Your
team needs to know what you want
done, and require feedback as to
progress and satisfaction of your
expectations. This could be through
the spoken word or body language.
7% of all communication is
accomplished verbally, 38% by
unconscious signals, such as tone of
voice, and the remainder (55%) by
non-verbal means, i.e. body
language, as mentioned above.
Barriers to communication include
reluctance to ask questions, the
influence of authority, and difficulty
in listening. You, therefore, have to
put people at their ease and make
them think they can talk to you or
ask questions.
So, communication is the exchange
of thoughts, messages or
information by various means,
including speech. The elements of
the process are the sender, the
message, the receiver and the
feedback.
The perceptions and background of
people at either end may influence
what is sent – (a person at one end
of a radio transmission might receive
"send three and fourpence, we are
going to a dance" instead of "send
reinforcements, we are going to
advance".
Human Factors 263
You could emphasise each word in
turn of the following sentence and
have a different meaning every time:
I never said your dog was ugly
Effective communication demands
five skills:
·  Seeking information - good
decisions are based on good
information, so we need it to do
our jobs effectively –
particularly with reference to
finding out what the customer
actually wants.
·  Stating your position - making sure
the other person knows your
viewpoint.
·  Listening - active listening means
not making assumptions about
what the other person is saying,
or what they really mean. You
need to be patient, question
(intelligently!) and be
supportive. Even low-time
pilots have opinions!
·  Resolving differences - almost
always, the best way to o this is
ensure that the results are best
for everyone concerned.
·  Providing feedback
Cultural Factors
What's normal for one person isn't
for others – in many countries, red is
an extremely unlucky colour. Even
within our own trade, there are fixed
wing and rotary pilots, military
versus civilian, jet against piston,
etc., each with their own ways of
thinking.
Factors Affecting Judgement
"Judgement is the process of recognising
and analysing available information
about yourself, your aircraft and the
environment you are in, followed by the
rational evaluation of alternatives to
implement timely decisions which
maximise safety. This involves the
ability to evaluate risks based on
knowledge, skill and experience."
In short, the process of choosing
between alternatives for the safest
outcome. Factors that influence the
exercise of good judgement include:
·  Lack of vigilance - vigilance (that
is, keeping an eye on what's
going on) is the basis of
situational awareness. You need
to keep a constant watch on all
that is going on around you,
however tempting it may be to
　
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