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that could lead to one. After any
occurrence, the TSB must be told as
soon as possible (see GEN 3.3 in the
AIP for how to report one).
You can make reports in confidence
under the Confidential Aviation Safety
Reporting Program (CASRP).
Aircraft Accident
A reportable one occurs when:
·  anyone is killed or injured from
coming into contact with the
aircraft, including jet blast or
rotor downwash
·  the aircraft sustains damage or
structural failure
·  the aircraft is missing or
inaccessible
between the time any person boards it
with the intention of flight, and all
persons have disembarked (ICAO
definition).
Significant or Substantial Damage in this
context essentially means anything
that may involve an insurance claim,
but officially is damage or failure
that affects structure or performance
and would normally involve major
repairs.
Under ICAO, a fatal injury is one that
involves death within 30 days. A
serious injury involves:
·  more than 48 hours in hospital
within 7 days.
·  more than simple fractures of
fingers, toes and nose.
·  lacerations causing nerve or
muscle damage or severe
haemorrhage.
Air Law 223
·  injury to any internal organ.
·  2nd or 3rd degree burns or any
over 5% of the body.
·  exposure to infectious
substances or radiation.
The Transportation Safety Board of
Canada (TSB) investigates aircraft
accidents, and has teams of
investigators on 24-hour standby to
go worldwide. Its function is not to
apportion blame, but to ensure that
accidents don't happen again.
Post Accident Procedures
The pilot or senior survivor,
Company or aerodrome authority (in
that order, if practical) should take as
much as possible of the following
action after evacuating passengers to
either a sheltered location upwind of
the aircraft, or into the liferaft:
·  Prevent tampering with the
wreckage by ANYBODY
except to save life, avoid danger
to other persons or prevent
damage by fire, for which turn
the fuel and battery OFF—
disconnect it if there is no risk
of a spark, but the TSB won't
like you to touch too much, so
remove only emergency
equipment, like first aid kits or
survival packs, noting where
you got them from. Account for
all people on board. Attend the
injured and cover bodies.
·  Activate the distress beacon and
maybe use aircraft radio
equipment. Prepare
pyrotechnics, select, and prepare
a helicopter landing site or lay
out search and rescue signals.
·  If people or communications
are close, send for assistance.
·  If rescue is likely to be delayed
because of distance or failing
daylight, prepare suitable
shelters, distribute necessary
rations of food and water. If
necessary, find fresh water.
·  Inform the Company (Ops Mgr,
Chief Pilot) the quickest way of:
·  Aircraft and Reg No
·  Time and position of
accident
·  Details of survivors
·  Nature of
occurrence/other details
·  Notify Police, Fire, Ambulance,
ATC, Gas/Electricity
·  Note weather details.
·  Make sketches, take
photographs. Preserve and
protect documents and any
flight data recorders.
·  Refer all media enquiries to the
Company.
Aircraft Accident Reporting
All phone calls and actions taken
should be recorded by the person
receiving the initial notification –
continuous watch should be kept for
at least 48 hours or the duration of
the process, whichever is longer.
Callers should be identified, to
ensure it is not a false alarm and to
ensure it is indeed a company
aircraft. No information should be
released without Company authority,
mainly for liability reasons.
224 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
An Accident Report form should be
completed, in addition to complying
with the laws and regulations of the
country of registration and the
country in which the accident or
incident occurred. If there is any
doubt, the occurrence should be
reported as an Accident; it can be
reclassified later.
The Company should form an
Accident Board, consisting of people
with varying qualifications as
deemed necessary. This won’t be
　
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