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another 30 feet.
Helicopter landing sites should be
checked out in daylight on the same
day as they are to be used at night.
Preflight checks should allow for
night flying—carry a torch, and 2
landing lights are preferred.
Permission to enter the rotor disc is
given by flashing landing lights.
Hovertaxi higher and slower than by
day, making no sideways or
backwards movements. Great care
should be exercised in pointing the
Schermuly flares to a safe place at all
times (which is difficult when they're
fitted and the fuelling truck pulls up
right alongside them). The flares
should not be armed at this stage,
but at the holding point immediately
before take-off and disarmed at the
same place after final approach.
They should also be disarmed after
reaching cruising altitude.
The maximum useful height for
discharging a flare is about 1800'. Its
burn time is 80 seconds, during
which time it will fall about 1500',
so, having established autorotation
after an engine failure at night, the
first flare should be discharged
immediately, or on passing through
1800 feet, whichever is later. Don't
do it before this, as they will be
useless. If possible, the second
should be discharged between 800-
1000 feet agl.
In night autorotations, use a
constant attitude, at whatever speed
is comfortable, which keeps the
beam from the landing light in the
same position on the ground, or it
will shine up into the air when you
flare, from which position it's no
good to you at all.
Air Law
As with any other part of life, there
are rules that should be observed to
ensure that things happen in a
predictable fashion. Mostly, they
concern how to behave with respect
other pilots, and are internationally
recognised, but some concern only
Canada and your interaction with the
authorities, in the shape of
Transport Canada, although they
ultimately derive their power from
the Minister of Transport.
The Legislation about Aeronautics in
Canada comes in several parts:
·  The Aeronautics Act, which is the
enabling legislation.
·  CARs, which tell you what is to
be done, or what can be done.
·  CARs Standards, which tell you
how it’s to be done.
They are collectively known as
CARs. They do not apply to the
military doing their normal thing,
models, rockets, hovercraft or wingin-
ground-effect machines, unless
indicated otherwise.
Regulations (and Standards) are
divided into nine parts:
I General Provisions
II Aircraft Identification
III Aerodromes and Airports
IV Personnel Licensing and Training
V Airworthiness (ignored here)
VI General Operating & Flight Rules
VII Commercial Air Services
VIII Air Navigation Services
IX Repeals & Coming Into Force
Luckily, the private pilot doesn’t
need to bother with it all, but just a
few sections, that is, General Provisions
and General Operating and Flight Rules.
Where a Standard relates to a
Regulation, the numbering will be
similar; icing, for example, would be
covered by Regulation 602.1 and
Standard 622.1. Actually, each
regulation comes in three parts:
100.01.101.01
which represent the Part (100),
Subpart (01) and Regulation (101.01),
respectively. Anything in Part 6, for
example, would therefore start with
600. Although each subpart is split
178 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
into Divisions, the only way to find
out about these is to look in the
index at the beginning of the Part
itself. Standards or amendments may
not be made to CARs unless people
have been consulted under CARAC
Management Charter and Procedures, and
more than 30 days has elapsed,
unless urgently required for safety
reasons.
Tips For Reading Legal Stuff
Simply take the confusing passage
and split it up into separate lines
based on where commas appear in
the text.
Enforcement
Exemptions may be made if they are
in the public interest and don’t affect
safety. Otherwise, relevant parts of
the Act apply to everyone and
everything related to aviation in
Canada, and all Canadian aircraft
(including passengers and crew) and
people holding Canadian aviation
documents outside Canada.
Everyone exercising the privileges of
a Canadian aviation document (and
every Canadian aircraft), in a foreign
state, must comply with the relevant
　
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