6 Alcohol and Medication
All pilots should be aware that their performance may be affected by alcohol, medication or illicit drugs. Both UK and JAA legislation precludes the consumption of alcohol or the use of illicit drugs by flight crews when working. Readers are referred to JAR FCL 3 for details of the current requirements and restrictions regarding alcohol, medication and drugs.
6.1 Alcohol
Alcohol acts as a depressant on the central nervous system, dulling the senses and increasing mental and physical reaction times. It is known that even a small amount of alcohol leads to a decline in an individual’s performance and causes their judgement (i.e. ability to gauge their performance) to be hindered.
Alcohol is removed from the blood at a fixed rate and this cannot be speeded up in any way (e.g. by drinking strong coffee). In fact, sleeping after drinking alcohol can slow down the removal process, as the body’s metabolic systems are slower.
1.  References to recently published reports on this CAA sponsored research may be found in the "Blue Book", www.caa.co.uk
The affects of alcohol can be made considerably worse if the individual is fatigued, ill or using medication.

6.2 Medication
Any medication, no matter how common, can possibly have direct effects or side effects that may impair performance. "Medication" can be regarded as any over-the-counter or prescribed drug used for therapeutic purposes.
JAR FCL 3 (3.040) contains information concerning drugs, medication and alcohol. Flight Crew are advised to seek up-to-date advice from their Authority concerning which medication is permissable, since the details change from time to time.

7 Practical Notes
The following text has been extracted from Doc 29 (Appendix 16) and JARTEL WP5
Workload management demands clear prioritisation of primary and secondary operational tasks. Based on sound planning, tasks should be distributed appropriately among the crew. Signs of stress and fatigue should be communicated and taken into account. Available external and internal resources (including automation) should be used to accomplish timely task completion.
Examples of poor practice:
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Flying 'solo', in multi pilot aircraft, without other crew members involved

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Allowing secondary operational tasks to interfere with primary flight duties

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Inadequate workload planning

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Ignoring signs of stress and fatigue
Examples of good practice:

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Distributes tasks among the crew, checks and corrects appropriately

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Secondary operational tasks are prioritised to retain sufficient resources for primary flight duties

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Allocates enough time to complete tasks

8 Initial Training and Objectives
Whilst many pilots may already have studied the theory of alertness, vigilance, fatigue, stress and workload management within the context of JAR FCL HPL, it may be appropriate to cover these topics again in greater depth for initial CRM training, emphasising the practical aspects and using examples from flight operations.
　
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