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5.2.5   Management of an application
An application is considered outstanding or open until an approval is finally issued, or denied by the CAA. Given that an application has to be completed within the validity period established in 5.2.5, the CAA may need to convene a review team that will administer the approval process and manage the actual approval activities involved in the application. The size of the review team will vary according to the complexity and magnitude of the proposed design change, and the extent by which the CAA wants to be involved. For a State which will first take responsibility for approval of a modification, thus becoming the State of Design, this team is expected to consist of expertise from both the ACD and AID necessary to do a complete and comprehensive review of compliance with the applicable airworthiness standards, and eventually submit a final recommendation to the CAA for either an approval or denial of an application. For a State of Registry which is considering a foreign-approved modification for its own purpose, this team is commonly referred to as the Validation Team. The functions of both teams are the same, i.e., to process an application for approval of a modification and provide a recommendation to their CAA. However, the activities of the Validation Team is expected to be limited in scope and depth, giving due recognition to the work being performed, or already done, by the State of Design of the modification.
5.2.6 Record-keeping of approval process
Records should be made and kept for each application that clearly identify, among other things, all decisions taken by the review team, the agreed certification basis of the modification, agreements reached, status of action items, tasking and deliverables of persons, and commitments on schedules. Copies of such records should be distributed promptly, as required, to all affected and concerned members of the team. Each item or subject discussed by the review team with the applicant should be summarized on record under a separate heading and the problem stated clearly, followed by any conclusions and recommendations. Persons required to take actions on specific matters by a critical due date should be identified clearly. Based on the knowledge of the proposed design change or potential safety problems obtained during the review process, those areas of the modification for which special attention is required should also be identified in the record.
5.3 Modification categories
5.3.1 General
5.3.1.1  Modifications are intended to change a function, operation, limitation, performance, and/or characteristic of the physical or functional element(s) of an existing aircraft, engine, and/or propeller for the purpose of achieving a desired feature, role or capability for the affected aeronautical product. Modifications will vary in design philosophy, application technology, complexity, and magnitude. The maintenance provisions of Annex 6, including the Type Certificate and continuing airworthiness requirements of Annex 8, specify that modifications must be approved by States, and could be interpreted as encompassing all modifications regardless of their varying nature. Depending on the civil aviation activity within a State, approving all modifications could overwhelm a CAA and require extensive technical resources to execute the approval process in a timely manner. For this reason, a majority of Contracting States have introduced a system for categorizing design changes as either a major modification or minor modification. 
5.3.1.2  The general intent behind the categories is to optimise the CAA’s resources by identifying those modifications that require their direct participation in the approval process, determining the kind of data needed to substantiate the modification, and establishing the type and form of approval (see 5.4.5 of this Part, Approving the Modification). Some States require their direct involvement and approval of both major and minor modifications, while other States only require approval of major modifications. Also, the threshold or level that distinguishes a major from a minor modification may vary from State to State. It is up to each State to establish their national policy on approval of modifications.
　
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