PART I.— DEFINITIONS

When the following terms are used in this manual, they have the meanings shown. These definitions are appropriate to the use of the terms in this document only. Additional definitions can be found in Annexes 6 and 8.
Aeroplane system. An aeroplane system includes all elements of equipment necessary for the control and performance of a particular major function. It includes both the equipment specifically provided for the function in question and other basic related aeroplane equipment such as that required to supply power for the equipment operation. The engine is not considered to be an aeroplane system.
Airworthiness directive (AD). A regulatory document which identifies aeronautical products in which an unsafe condition exists and where the “unsafe” condition is likely to exist or develop in other products of the same type design. It prescribes corrective actions to be taken or the conditions or limitations under which the products may continue to be operated. The AD is the common form of mandatory continuing airworthiness information mentioned in Annex 8.
Airworthiness Standards. For purposes of type certification, these are the detailed and comprehensive design and safety criteria applicable to the category of the aeronautical product (aircraft, engine, propeller) that satisfies, as a minimum, the applicable Standards of ICAO Annex 8. These design standards are detailed in nature and cover aspects such as, but not limited to: flight performance and characteristics, structural strengths and durability, general design and construction, powerplant and systems, aircraft and systems architecture, equipment specifications, overall function and reliability criteria, tests and inspections methods, and operating limitations and information.
Certification basis. The applicable airworthiness and environmental standards established by a State as the basis by which the type design of an aeronautical product, or change to that type design, was approved or accepted. The certification basis may also include special conditions of airworthiness, findings of equivalent level of safety, and/or exemptions when determined by the State to apply to the type design.
Certification maintenance requirement. Maintenance that is required by design to help show compliance with the appropriate type certification requirements by detecting the presence of, and thereby limiting the exposure time to, a significant latent failure.
Comprehensive and detailed airworthiness code. The collective requirement that consists of, but not limited to, the approval or acceptance of the type design to an airworthiness standard, conformity to production or manufacturing standards, performance of inspection, maintenance, repair and modification in accordance with standards that ensure the continuing airworthiness of the aircraft, and a system of surveillance or monitoring of safety by the Contracting State.
Confidence level. Where the probability of occurrence of an event is inferred from a sample of measurements, the confidence can be determined that the true probability of occurrence of the event is greater than or less than the inferred probability, as appropriate. The confidence level is itself a statistical measure which is also expressed as a probability.
Environmental Standards. The specifications and maximum levels defined in Annex 16 — Environmental Protection for the certification of aircraft noise and engine smoke and gaseous emissions, including the Standards for the prevention of intentional fuel venting into the atmosphere. 
Exemption. A relief from compliance with the requirement(s) of airworthiness or environmental standards, or operating rules, based on the determination by a civil aviation authority that granting such relief will not adversely affect safety.
Extended diversion time operations. Any flight by an aeroplane where the flight time at the one engine inoperative cruise speed (in international standard atmosphere and still air conditions), from a point on the route to an adequate alternate aerodrome, is greater than the threshold time approved by the State of the Operator or any flight operated in an area designated by the State as an area of extended diversion time applicability.
　
中國航空網 m.k6050.com
航空翻譯 www.aviation.cn
本文鏈接地址：適航手冊 AIRWORTHINESS MANUAL(5)