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are held in place with a large number of high-strength structural screws.
instability (meteorology). A general term used to indicate various states of the atmosphere in which
spontaneous convection will occur when prescribed criteria are met. Instability of the air indicates
turbulence.
installation drawing (aircraft drawing). A drawing used to show the way subassemblies are put together
to make a complete assembly. A bill of materials included with an installation drawing gives the name and
part number of all the components used to connect the subassemblies. Dimensions are not normally given
on an assembly drawing, but where dimensions are needed, they are shown on the detail drawings for the
parts listed in the installation drawing.
installation error (static air system error). An error in any of the instruments connected to the aircraft
static air system, caused by the static air source not being located in an area in which the air is absolutely
still (static). Installation error affects the airspeed indicator, altimeter, and vertical speed indicator, and it
changes as the angle of attack of the aircraft changes.
instantaneous rate of climb indicator (aircraft flight instrument). A type of vertical speed indicator that
compensates for the lag inherent in these instruments. When the aircraft pitches at the beginning of a climb
or descent, two accelerometer-actuated air pumps inside the instrument case send a change of air pressure
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into the indicating bellows to start the pointer moving in the correct direction. As soon as the aircraft
actually begins changing altitude, the change in static air pressure actuates the instrument mechanism.
instrument. 14 CFR Part 1: “A device using an internal mechanism to show visually or aurally the
attitude, altitude, or operation of an aircraft or aircraft part. It includes electronic devices for automatically
controlling an aircraft in flight.”
instrument approach procedure (air traffic control). A series of predetermined maneuvers for the
orderly transfer of an aircraft under instrument flight conditions from the beginning of the initial approach
to a landing or to a point from which a landing may be made visually. An instrument approach procedure is
prescribed and approved for a specific airport by competent authority.
Instrument Approach Procedures Charts. Aeronautical charts that portray the aeronautical data required
to execute an instrument approach to an airport. These charts depict the procedures, including all related
data, and the airport diagram. Each procedure is designated for use with a specific type of electronic
navigation system, such as NDB, TACAN, VOR, ILS, and RNAV.
instrument clamp. A cylindrical metal clamp attached to the back of an instrument panel aligned with the
hole through which an instrument fits. The instrument is installed from the front of the panel by sliding it
through the hole and the clamp and tightening the clamp by means of a screw on the front of the panel.
Instrument Landing System. See ILS.
instrument meteorological conditions. See IMC.
instrument panel (aircraft component). A panel in the cockpit of an aircraft that holds all the indicating
instruments used to show the condition of the aircraft and its engines.
instrument runway. A runway equipped with electronic and visual navigation aids for which a precision
or nonprecision approach having straight-in landing minimums has been approved.
instrument shunt. An electrical shunt used with a millivoltmeter to measure current. The shunt is a
low-resistance precision resistor, installed in a circuit in such a way that the circuit current flows through it.
The millivoltmeter is connected across the shunt to measure the voltage dropped across it.
The indication on the millivoltmeter is directly related to the amount of current flowing through
the shunt, and because of this, it is possible to calibrate the dial of the millivoltmeter directly in amps or
milliamps.
insulating tape (electrical tape). An adhesive-backed flexible tape used as a temporary insulation over
wire terminals and wire splices. This tape is usually made of a polyvinylchloride material. One side of the
tape is coated with an adhesive, and the tape is wound over areas of bare wire to insulate it.
insulation (thermal). A material used to prevent the transfer of heat by conduction. Thermal insulation, for
example, keeps hot air ducts from overheating the structure through which they are routed.
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insulation blanket (turbine engine aircraft component). A layer of fireproof insulating material used to
　
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