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angstroms, just slightly longer than the longest wavelength of visible light. Infra-red radiation is used for
heating.
infrasonic frequencies. Frequencies of vibration lower than those in the audible range. Infrasonic
frequencies were formerly called subsonic frequencies.
ingest. To take something in. A gas turbine engine, for example, ingests a large volume of air in its normal
operation.
ingot. A large block of metal that was molded as it was poured from the furnace.
Ingots are further processed into sheets, bars, tubes, or structural beams.
inhibitive film (corrosion protection). A hard, airtight oxide coating deposited on the surface of
aluminum or magnesium alloys. Both aluminum and magnesium alloys corrode easily when their surfaces
are covered with an electrolyte such as water or moist air. To protect against corrosion, an inhibitive oxide
film is deposited on the surface to keep all oxygen and moisture away from the metal. Inhibitive films may
be deposited by either chemical or electrolytic action.
initial approach fix. See IAF.
initialization (computer operation). The process by which a computer is prepared to run a program. All
the addresses, counters, and switches are set to their proper position for starting.
injection molding. A method of forming both thermoplastic and thermosetting resins. Soft resin is injected
under pressure, into the cavity of a mold and allowed to cure. The mold is then opened to remove the part.
injection pump (compression-ignition engine component). A high-pressure fuel pump used on a
compression-ignition reciprocating engine. The injection pump forces a measured amount of fuel as an
atomized spray into the combustion chamber of the engine. The high-pressure, high-temperature air in the
cylinder ignites the atomized fuel as it leaves the injector nozzle.
inlet duct (turbine engine powered aircraft component). The portion of the aircraft ahead of the engine
compressor that takes the air into the aircraft and directs it into the engine at the correct speed and
direction.
inlet guide vanes (gas turbine engine component). Stationary vanes located in front of the first stage of
the compressor in an aircraft gas turbine engine. The purpose of the inlet guide vanes is to direct the air into
the first stage of the compressor at the proper angle for the most efficient compression. Most inlet guide
vanes are fixed, but in some engines, their angle can be changed by hydraulic actuators controlled by the
fuel control unit. Movable guide vanes direct the air into the compressor at the correct angle as the
operating conditions inside the engine change.
inlet spike (supersonic aircraft inlet air duct). A sharp-pointed spike in the inlet air duct of a supersonic
aircraft. This spike forms an oblique, or angled, shock wave inside the inlet duct as it passes through the air.
Air entering the first-stage compressor of a gas turbine engine must flow at a speed below the speed of
sound, and when the airplane is flying faster than sound, the air must be slowed before it enters the
compressor.
When air passes through the oblique shock wave, it slows down, but is still moving faster than the
speed of sound. Just inside the inlet duct, a second shock wave, this time a normal shock wave, is produced.
This normal shock wave is at right angles to the airflow, and air passing through it is slowed to a speed
below the speed of sound.
in-line engine (reciprocating engine). A reciprocating engine in which all the cylinders are arranged in a
straight line. In an in-line engine, the piston in each cylinder is connected to a separate throw of the
crankshaft.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 323
V-engines are a form of inline engine having two banks of cylinders mounted on the crankcase,
with an angle of between 45 and 90 degrees between the banks. Two pistons, one in a cylinder in each bank,
connect to each throw of the crankshaft.
inner marker (instrument landing system component). A marker beacon used with an ILS Category II
precision approach. It is located between the middle marker and the end of the ILS runway.
Inner markers transmit a radiation pattern keyed with six dots per second and indicate both aurally
and visually that, if the aircraft is on the glide path, it is at the designated decision height (DH) — normally
100 feet above the touchdown zone elevation on the CAT II approach.
inner tube. An airtight rubber tube used inside a pneumatic tire to hold the air that inflates the tire. Some
tires do not use inner tubes, because the tire itself forms an airtight seal with the wheel.
inoperative. Not functioning, or not working. A device or circuit is inoperative when it is not working or
　
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