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education. Aircraft and the airmen who operate them are licensed by the FAA, and the FAA maintains the
airways along which the aircraft fly. The FAA is headed by a civilian, the Administrator of Federal
Aviation.
FAA Form 337. The Major Repair and Alteration form that must be completed when a major repair or
major alteration has been completed on an FAA-certificated aircraft or engine.
fabric. A cloth produced by interlacing two yarns at right angles to each other.
fabricate. A term that means to build or to manufacture something.
fabrication. The process of assembling parts to make a complete unit or structure.
fabric punch test (aircraft maintenance test). A maintenance test performed by a technician to determine
the condition of the fabric used to cover an aircraft. A special spring-loaded punch with a sharp point is
pressed into the fabric, and the amount of force needed to cause the punch to make a specific size hole in
the fabric is measured. The stronger the fabric, the more force is needed to make the hole.
A color-coded scale is used to indicate the condition of the fabric. Green means the fabric is good,
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yellow means that the strength of the fabric is questionable, and red means that the fabric is too dead to
pass an airworthiness test. A fabric punch test is not an absolute indication of the strength of the fabric, but
it is quick and accurate enough to determine the basic condition of the fabric.
fabric repair (aircraft repair). A repair to the fabric used to cover an aircraft.
A repair, when properly done, must restore the strength and tautness the fabric had before it was
damaged.
face (propeller nomenclature). The surface of a propeller that strikes the air first as the propeller rotates.
The face of a propeller corresponds to the bottom of an airplane wing.
faceplate (lathe component). A heavy steel disk mounted on and turned by the headstock of a
metalworking lathe.
Work to be turned on the lathe can be mounted on the faceplate.
face shield. A transparent shield used to cover your face when working with anything that could get into
your eyes or with anything that could damage your face. Face shields are made of transparent plastic and
are attached to a band worn around your head. Face shields should be worn when working with
metal-cutting tools that are likely to throw chips, when using a grinding wheel, and when servicing an air
conditioning system with liquid refrigerant.
face-to-face bearing installation. Ball bearings designed to take thrust loads that are applied to a shaft in
both directions. Two sets of bearings are installed on the shaft in such a way that one set carries thrust loads
in one direction, and the other set carries the loads in the opposite direction.
fading (radio reception). The decrease in strength of a received radio signal.
facsimile. A means of communications in which a graphic document is scanned and the image converted
into digital data which is transmitted over telephone lines or by radio waves. At the receiving end, the data
is processed in a printer, and a paper copy of the original document is produced.
factor of safety (aircraft structure). The ratio of the breaking strength of a structure to the maximum load
that will ever be applied to it. If a structure is designed to carry a load of 2,000 pounds, but there will never
be a load of more than 1,000 pounds applied to it, the structure has a factor of safety of two.
FAD (fuel advisory departure). Procedures used to minimize engine running time for aircraft destined for
an airport experiencing prolonged arrival delays.
FADEC (full-authority digital electronic control). A digital electronic fuel control for a gas turbine
engine that functions during all engine operations, hence “full-authority.” It includes the electronic engine
control (See EEC), functions with the flight management computer (See FMC), and schedules the fuel to
the nozzles in such a way that prevents overshooting of power changes and over-temperature conditions.
FADEC furnishes information to the engine instrument and crew alerting system (See EICAS).
fading of brakes. The decrease in the amount of braking action that occurs with some types of brakes that
are applied for a long period of time. True fading occurs with overheated drum-type brakes. As the drum is
heated, it expands in a bell-mouthed fashion. This decreases the amount of drum in contact with the brake
shoes and decreases the braking action.
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A condition similar to brake fading occurs when there is an internal leak in the brake master
　
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