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Inductive reactance is caused by the generation of an induced voltage whose polarity is opposite to
that of the voltage causing it. The induced voltage opposes some of the applied voltage, and because there
is less voltage available to force current through the circuit, less current flows. Inductive reactance
increases as both the frequency of the alternating current and the inductance of the circuit increase. The
formula for inductive reactance is:
XL = 2π f L
XL = Inductive reactance in ohms
2π = A constant, 6.28
f = Frequency in hertz
L = Circuit inductance in henries
inductive time constant. The amount of time, in seconds, needed for current flowing in an inductive
circuit to reach 63.2% of its maximum value. The inductive time constant, in seconds, may be found by
dividing the circuit inductance, in henries, by the circuit resistance, in ohms:
TC = L / R
TC = Time constant in seconds
L = Inductance in henries
R = Resistance in ohms
inductive tuning. A method of selecting the frequency to which a radio-frequency circuit is resonant by
changing the inductance in a tuned circuit. The resonant frequency of an L-C circuit (a circuit that contains
both inductance and capacitance) can be changed by changing the amount of either the inductance or the
capacitance.
The inductance is normally changed by moving a powdered iron slug into or out of the coil.
Moving the slug into the coil increases the inductance, and pulling the slug out of the coil decreases the
inductance.
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Page 321
inductor. A coil of wire used to produce inductance in an electrical circuit. The amount of inductance is
determined by the number of turns of wire in the coil, by the ratio of the diameter of the coil to its length,
and by the type of material used as the core of the coil. Inductance is measured in henries, millihenries, or
microhenries.
industrial diamond. A diamond that is not of gem quality, but because of its hardness, is used as an
industrial cutting tool.
inert-gas shielded-arc welding. A form of electric arc welding in which the arc is formed inside a shield
of inert gas, such as argon or helium.
The inert gas drives all the oxygen away from the arc and prevents oxides from forming in the
molten metal.
inert gas. A gas that has a stable atomic structure. Its valence shell neither tries to gain nor lose electrons.
An inert gas has no tendency to unite with other elements to form chemical compounds. Helium, neon,
argon, krypton, xenon, and radon are inert gases.
inertia. A characteristic of all matter that causes an object to try to remain in its present condition. If the
object is at rest, not moving, its inertia tries to keep it at rest. But if it is moving, its inertia tries to keep it
moving — in the same direction, and at the same speed.
inertial navigation system (navigation system). A computer-based navigation system that tracks the
movement of an aircraft by signals produced by onboard accelerometers. The initial location of the aircraft
is entered into the computer, and all movement of the aircraft is sensed and used to keep the position
updated. An INS does not require any inputs from outside signals.
inertia starter (reciprocating engine starter). A type of starter used on some large reciprocating engines.
Energy is stored in a spinning flywheel by an electric motor or a hand crank. When enough energy has been
put into the flywheel, it is coupled to the crankshaft, and turns it fast enough for the engine to start.
inertia switch. An electrical switch actuated by a sudden change in the velocity of the object on which it is
mounted. An inertia switch is built into an emergency locator transmitter (ELT) installed in an aircraft. If
the aircraft crashes, the inertia switch automatically closes and starts the ELT transmitting.
inflammable. Easily ignited. Because the prefix “in” quite often means “not able to,” the word
inflammable could be thought to mean “is not easy to ignite.” Because of this possibility for
misunderstanding, the word inflammable has been replaced in many instances with the word “flammable.”
infrared guidance. A method of guidance used on some missiles that causes the missile to seek and home
on a source of infrared radiation.
infrared lamp. A form of incandescent lamp whose filament temperature is lower than that used to
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
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produce ordinary white light. The light produced by an infrared lamp has a large portion of its
electromagnetic energy in the infrared range.
infrared radiation. Invisible electromagnetic radiation whose wavelength is between 7,800 and 1,000,000
　
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