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inside diameter is slightly smaller than the diameter of the threads on which the nut is screwed is swaged
into a recess in the end of the nut. Forcing the threads into the fiber prevents vibration loosening the nut.
elastomer. A material, such as synthetic rubber, that can be stretched at room temperature to at least twice
its original length. When it is released, it will return to its original size and shape.
elastomeric bearing. A type of bearing used for oscillating loads where complete rotation is not needed.
An elastomeric bearing is made of alternate layers of an elastomer, a rubber-like material, and metal,
bonded together.
Elastomeric bearings can be designed to take radial loads, axial loads, or torsional loads.
E-layer (atmosphere). An ionized layer of the atmosphere existing at an altitude of between 60 and 75
miles (100 to 120 kilometers) above the earth. Radio waves bounce off the E-layer. The effect of the E
layer is most noticeable in the daytime, and to a lesser degree at night.
elbow (fluid line fitting). A type of fitting used to join two pieces of tubing at an angle of 90°.
Elcon connector (battery connector). The registered trade name for a special type of connector used to
connect a high-output battery to an aircraft electrical system. The connector is held tightly to the two
battery terminals by pressure exerted by a hand screw.
electret. A dielectric (insulating) material that is permanently polarized. Electret is made by heating a
material such as barium titanate ceramic or carnauba wax and holding it in a strong electric field as it cools.
The electric field surrounding electret is much like the magnetic field surrounding a piece of magnetized
steel.
electret microphone. An acoustic transducer, a device that changes sound pressure into an electrical signal.
A diaphragm made of a thin foil of electret is placed next to a metal-coated backplate. Sound pressure
picked up by the microphone vibrates the diaphragm and, as the electric field cuts across the metal plate, it
generates a voltage. The waveform of this voltage is a copy of the waveform of the sound that vibrated the
diaphragm to produce it.
electrical bonding. The process of connecting the structural parts of an aircraft together with conductors to
keep them all at the same electrical potential. Bonding prevents sparks caused by static electricity from
jumping between the parts and causing radio interference.
electrical bus (electrical system component). A distribution point in an electrical system to which the
battery and generator are connected, and from which the electrical loads receive their power.
electrical charge. Electrical energy stored on the surface of an object. This charge is produced by the
accumulation of electrons in one area and a shortage, or deficiency, of electrons in another area.
electrical diagram. A line drawing using schematic symbols to show the relationship of all the
components in an electrical system.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 216
electrical energy. Energy possessed by a material or device because of an unequal distribution of electrons.
Chemical energy, mechanical energy, heat energy, and light energy can all be converted into electrical
energy.
electrical generator. A machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Mechanical energy
is used to move conductors through a magnetic field, and voltage is induced into them as they cut across
the lines of magnetic flux.
electrical insulator. A material that offers a large amount of opposition to the flow of electrons. Glass,
most types of plastic, ceramics, and a vacuum are examples of electrical insulators.
electrically suspended gyroscope. A gyroscope whose rotor is supported in either an electrostatic or
electromagnetic field, rather than in conventional bearings. The gyroscope spins with an absolute minimum
of friction while it is supported in either of these fields.
electrical potential. The electrical force caused by a deficiency of electrons in one location and an excess
of electrons in another. Electrical potential is measured in volts.
electrical resistance welding. A method of welding thin sheets of metal by clamping them tightly together
and passing electric current through them. The heat produced by the current melts the metal, and the
pressure forces the molten metal from the two sheets together. Spot welding and seam welding are both
types of electrical resistance welding.
electrical shield. A housing made of a conductive material such as copper or aluminum that encloses an
electrical circuit. The shield picks up stray electrical energy radiated from the circuit and carries it to
ground so it cannot interfere with any other electrical or electronic equipment.
　
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