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live center (machine tool component). A sharp-pointed center that fits into the headstock of a lathe and
turns with it. The material to be turned is mounted between the live center and the dead center and is turned
by a lathe dog that clamps the material and turns with the faceplate.
load (electrical). A device that uses electrical power. A load converts electrical energy into some other
form of energy: mechanical, heat, light, or chemical.
load bank (electrical component). A heavy-duty electrical resistor, used to dissipate large amounts of
electrical energy. Load banks are used to discharge storage batteries for servicing them and to dissipate
large amounts of current when loading a generator as is done with a reciprocating engine dynamometer.
load cell (electronic weighing system component). A component in an electronic weighing system that
contains strain gages. When an aircraft is weighed, the load cells are placed between the jacks and the jack
pads on the aircraft, and the aircraft is raised by the jacks. The weight of the aircraft compresses the load
cells, and the compression changes the resistance of the strain gages. The change in this resistance is
converted into units of weight the load cell is supporting.
load factor (aircraft structure). The ratio of the amount of load imposed on an aircraft structure to the
weight of the structure itself. Load factors imposed on an aircraft in flight are measured by accelerometers
and are expressed in terms of G-units (gravity units).
14 CFR Part 1: “The ratio of a specified load to the total weight of the aircraft. The specified load
is expressed in terms of any of the following: aerodynamic forces, inertia forces, or ground or water
reactions.”
load matching network (electrical circuit). An electrical circuit used to match the input impedance of an
electrical load to the output impedance of a power circuit, such as an amplifier.
loadmeter (electrical instrument). A type of ammeter installed between the generator output and the main
bus in an aircraft electrical system. Loadmeters are calibrated in percentage of the generator’s rated output,
rather than in amperes.
local airport advisory (air traffic control). A service provided by flight service stations or the military at
airports not serviced by an operating control tower. This service consists of providing information to
arriving and departing aircraft concerning wind direction and speed, favored runway, altimeter setting,
pertinent known traffic, pertinent known field conditions, airport taxi routes and traffic patterns, and
authorized instrument approach procedures. This information is advisory in nature and does not constitute
an ATC clearance.
localizer (instrument landing system). The portion of an instrument landing system (ILS) that directs the
pilot of an aircraft down the center line of the instrument runway for the final approach in an instrument
landing.
The localizer transmits two signals, one modulated with a 90-hertz tone, and the other with a
150-hertz tone. These two signals are transmitted from highly directional antennas so they overlap along
the center line of the runway by two and a half degrees. The vertical needle of the cross-pointer indicator in
the aircraft responds to these two signals. When the aircraft is flying along a path lined up with the center
line of the runway, the needle is centered. When the aircraft moves to one side of the center line or the
other, the signal for the side it is on is the stronger, and the needle swings over to show the side of the
runway over which the airplane is flying.
localizer offset (air traffic control). An angular offset of the localizer from the runway extended center
line in a direction away from the no transgression zone (NTZ) that increases the normal operating zone
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 357
(NOZ) width. An offset requires a 50-foot increase in the decision height (DH) and is not authorized for
CAT II and CAT III approaches.
localizer-type directional aid (air traffic control). A navaid used for nonprecision instrument approaches,
with utility and accuracy comparable to a localizer but not a part of a complete ILS and not aligned with the
runway.
localizer usable distance. The maximum distance from the localizer transmitter at a specified altitude as
verified by flight inspection, at which reliable course information is continuously received.
local Mach number. The Mach number of any isolated, or localized, flow of air over an aircraft structure.
Because of the shape of the aircraft structure, the local Mach number is often higher than the flight Mach
number of the aircraft. Shock waves normally form on an aircraft structure when the air passing over the
　
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