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for emergency use within a specified distance from the navigation facility upon which a procedure is
prescribed. These altitudes are:
1. Minimum Sector Altitudes: Altitudes depicted on approach charts which provide at least 1,000
feet of obstacle clearance within a 25-mile radius of the navigation facility upon which the
procedure is predicated.
Sectors depicted on approach charts must be at least 90° in scope. These altitudes are for
emergency use only and do not necessarily assure acceptable navigational signal coverage.
2. Emergency Safe Altitudes: Altitudes depicted on approach charts which provide at least 1,000 feet
of obstacle clearance in nonmountainous areas and 2,000 feet in designated mountainous areas
within a 100-mile radius of the navigation facility upon which the procedure is based and normally
used only in military procedures.
MSAW (minimum safe altitude warning). A function of the ARTS III computer that aids the controller
by alerting him when a tracked Mode C-equipped aircraft is below, or is predicted by the computer to go
below, a predetermined minimum safe altitude.
MSB (most significant bit). The bit in a binary number that has the highest place value. The MSB is the
bit on the extreme left.
MSD (most significant digit). The digit in a decimal number that has the highest place value. The MSD is
the digit on the extreme left.
MSDS (material safety data sheets). Documents relating to hazardous materials that contain information
on health precautions, flammability, ventilation requirements, and information for health professionals in
case of an accident. MSDS are furnished with all hazardous materials and are required by law to be
available to all personnel working with the material.
MS flareless fittings. Fluid-line fittings that form their seal with a ferrule around the tubing rather than
with a flare.
MSL (mean sea level). The datum used as a reference for measuring elevations throughout the United
States. It is the average height of the surface of the sea for all stages of tide. When the letters MSL are used
with an altitude, it means that the altitude measured from mean, or average, sea level.
MTBF (mean time between failures). A statistical measure of the average length of time between
successive system failures.
MTI (moving target indicator). An electronic device which causes a radar scope to show only targets
which are in motion. An MTI is a partial remedy for ground clutter.
MTR (military training routes). Airspace of defined vertical and lateral dimensions, established for the
conduct of military training at airspeeds in excess of 250 knots IAS.
muff (heater). A thin sheet metal shroud that wraps around the exhaust stack or the muffler of a
reciprocating engine to pick up heat. Ventilating air blows through the muff and carries the heat it picks up
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 394
into the cabin.
mule (hydraulic power supply). An auxiliary power supply that can be connected to an aircraft to supply
fluid under pressure to the hydraulic system when the engines are not operating. Mules supply hydraulic
pressure to an aircraft to perform the landing gear retraction test when the aircraft is up on jacks.
MULTICOM (air traffic control). A mobile service not open to public correspondence, used to provide
communications essential to conduct the activities being performed by or directed from private aircraft.
multimeter (electrical test equipment). An electrical measuring instrument that uses a single
current-measuring meter and the necessary components to measure several ranges of voltage, current, and
resistance. The different functions and ranges are selected by switches or by jacks into which test leads are
plugged.
Multimeters are often called VOMs, because they are able to measure volts, ohms, and milliamps.
Multimeters with a digital readout are called DVOMs.
multiple-can combustor (turbine engine component). A combustor used in a gas turbine engine that
consists of a series of individual burner cans, each of which consists of an inner liner and an outer case. The
individual cans are arranged around the periphery of a centrifugal compressor. The hot gases flow directly
from the cans into the turbine.
multiple-disk brake. A form of aircraft brake in which a series of metal or carbon disks keyed to slots
inside the wheel rotate between a series of fixed disks keyed to the axle on which the wheel is mounted.
Pistons in a series of hydraulic cylinders produce a force that clamps the rotating disks between the fixed
disks. This produces enough friction to slow or stop the aircraft on which the brake is installed.
multiple runways (air traffic control). The utilization of dedicated arrival runway(s) for departures and a
　
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