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piezoelectricity. Electricity produced when certain crystalline materials, such as quartz or Rochelle salt,
are deformed (bent or twisted) by pressure.
piezoelectric transducer. An electrical device that uses a crystal to change mechanical movement into an
electrical signal. Crystal phonograph pickups and crystal microphones are examples of piezoelectric
transducers.
pi (π) filter. An electronic filter used to prevent electromagnetic energy produced in an ignition exciter
from feeding back into the aircraft electrical system. The filter is made of an inductor with a capacitor on
its input and its output. The name is derived from the fact that the three components on a schematic
diagram resemble the Greek letter pi (π).
pig iron. Crude iron as it is reduced from iron ore in a blast furnace and molded in rough blocks called
pigs.
Pig iron has a high carbon content.
pigment (paint constituent). A material ground into a fine powder and dispersed evenly through the
vehicle of a finishing material such as paint or enamel. Pigment gives the finishing material its color.
pigtail (electrical component). A piece of wire protruding from a component, such as a resistor or a
capacitor, that allows the component to be installed in an electrical circuit.
pilot (aircraft operator). The person who operates the flight controls of an aircraft in flight.
pilotage (navigation). A method of navigation in which a pilot proceeds from checkpoint to checkpoint by
visual reference to objects on the ground.
pilot balloon (meteorology). A small, black, spherical balloon used to determine the speed and direction of
winds in the upper air. The rate of ascension of the balloon is known so its altitude can be determined, and
it is followed with a theodolite to determine the speed and direction of the wind.
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 438
pilot briefing (air traffic control). A service provided by a flight service station (FSS) to assist pilots in
flight planning. Briefing items may include weather information, NOTAMs, military activities, flow
control information, and other items as requested.
pilot chute. A small parachute attached to the canopy of the main parachute and used to pull it from the
pack, so it can open.
pilot hole. A small hole punched or drilled in a piece of sheet metal to locate a rivet hole. Pilot holes are
smaller than the rivet hole, but are large enough to allow sheet metal fasteners to be used to assemble the
parts.
When the parts are assembled and temporarily fastened together, a drill of the proper size for the
rivet is passed through both pieces of metal. This method of assembly assures the rivet holes will line up
properly.
pilot in command. 14 CFR Part 1: “The pilot responsible for the operation and safety of an aircraft during
flight time.”
pilot light (electrical equipment component). A small indicator light on a piece of electrical equipment
illuminated all the time power is supplied to the equipment. Pilot lights are a reminder to turn the
equipment off when it is not being used.
Pilots Automatic Telephone Weather Answering Service. See PATWAS.
“Pilot’s discretion” (air traffic control). A phrase that, when used in conjunction with altitude
assignments, means that ATC has offered the pilot the option of starting climb or descent whenever he
wishes and conducting the climb or descent at any rate he wishes.
The pilot may temporarily level off at any intermediate altitude. However, once an altitude has
been vacated, he may not return to that altitude.
Pilot’s Operating Handbook. See POH.
pilot weather report (air traffic control). A report of meteorological phenomena encountered by aircraft
in flight.
pinch-off voltage (FET specification). The amount of reverse voltage required on the gate of a field effect
transistor to decrease the source-to-drain current to some specified low value.
pin contacts (electrical connectors). Contacts in one half of an electrical connector, made in the form of
metal pins. These pins, called male contacts, fit into sockets, female contacts, in the other half of the
connector. Pin contacts are normally used on the half of the connector in the “cold” part of the circuit, the
part not connected to the source of power.
PIN diode (semiconductor device). A semiconductor diode having a layer of P-silicon and a layer of
N-silicon. Between these two layers is a thin layer of undoped silicon called intrinsic silicon. PIN diodes
are used in high-frequency switching circuits because of their ability to turn on and off at an extremely fast
rate.
pinhole (finishing system). A small hole in the film of aircraft finishing material left by a bubble. The
　
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