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Regulations).
farad (electrical unit). The basic unit of capacitance. One farad is the amount of capacitance that allows a
charge of one coulomb to be stored under a pressure of one volt.
The farad is too large for most practical circuits, so the microfarad (one millionth of a farad) and
the picofarad (one millionth of a millionth of a farad) are the most generally used values of capacitance.
Faraday’s law of electrolysis. The amount of any substance dissolved or deposited in electrolysis is
proportional to the total electrical charge passed.
Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction. The electromotive force induced in a circuit by a changing
magnetic field is determined by the rate of change of the magnetic flux linking the circuit.
fast file (flight plan filing). A method of filing a flight plan by telephone. The flight plan is tape recorded
and transcribed for transmission to the appropriate air traffic control facility.
fatigue (metal condition). A condition existing in a metal which causes it to lose some of its strength.
Fatigue occurs when the metal is subjected to a series of stress reversals, such as happens when the metal is
repeatedly bent back and forth.
fatigue crack (metal failure). A crack caused by stress reversals in a piece of metal. Vibration is one of
the main sources of the stress reversals that cause fatigue cracks.
fatigue resistance (metal characteristic). The ability of a material to withstand vibration and repeated
stress reversals without damage.
fault (electrical circuit defect). Typical faults are: an open circuit (a broken wire), a short circuit (an
uninsulated portion of the wire making a connection it should not make), or a grounded circuit (a
connection made to ground where there should be no connection).
faying surface (sheet metal structure). The portion of a lap joint in a sheet metal structure where two
sheets of metal overlap. Moisture can be trapped in the faying surface, and it can cause corrosion if this
area is not adequately protected.
FCC (Federal Communications Commission). A governmental board whose responsibility is the
Printed from Summit Aviation's Computerized Aviation Reference Library, 2/7/2007
Page 239
regulation of all interstate electrical communications and all foreign electrical communications that
originate in the United States. The FCC is made up of seven commissioners appointed by the President of
the United States, under the Communications Act of 1934.
FCC (flight control computer). A portion of the automatic flight control system (See AFCS) that has
inputs from the aircraft control surfaces and the engine controls, and outputs to the engine indicating and
crew alerting system (See EICAS) and the flight management computer (See FMC).
FDR (flight data recorder). A sealed recording instrument installed in transport aircraft that makes a
continuous record of the flight altitude, airspeed, heading, accelerations, and voices and noises heard on the
flight deck.
The flight recorder, called a “black box,” is installed in a fireproof housing and is mounted in the
tail of the aircraft where it is least likely to be destroyed in a crash.
feather (helicopter rotor blade movement). Rotation of a helicopter rotor blade about its pitch-change
axis.
featheredge. A thin, sharp edge on a piece of material, left as the material is worn away by abrasion.
feathering (helicopter rotor blade). The action which changes the pitch angle of helicopter rotor blades
by rotating them about their feathering axis.
feathering axis (helicopter rotor blade). The axis about which the pitch angle of a rotor blade is varied.
The feathering axis is the same as the spanwise axis.
feathering propeller (aircraft propeller). A propeller whose blades can be moved to an extremely high
pitch angle of approximately 90° so they face directly into the airstream and produce no aerodynamic
forces. If an engine fails in flight, the aerodynamic forces acting on the propeller will cause it to continue to
turn, or windmill.
A windmilling propeller produces enough drag on a multiengine aircraft to cause extreme control
difficulties, and it can easily lead to a crash. To decrease the drag, the propeller blades can be feathered.
Because a feathered propeller does not turn the engine, a damaged engine is prevented from destroying
itself.
feathering switch (Hamilton Standard Hydromatic propeller component). A locking,
solenoid-operated switch used in the feather-motor circuit for a Hydromatic propeller.
When the feathering switch button is momentarily depressed, a holding coil holds the switch
closed until the feathering pump sends enough oil into the propeller dome to feather the blades. The pump
continues to build up oil pressure until a cutout switch in the governor opens the circuit for the holding coil.
　
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