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The turbine inlet, a point just before the exhaust gases enter the turbine, is the most critical location inside a
gas turbine engine with regard to temperature. But it is very difficult to measure the temperature at this
location.
The temperature of the gases after they have passed through the turbine is easy to measure, and
this temperature relates to that of the gases at the turbine inlet. The EGT system consists of a number of
thermocouples connected in parallel and arranged around the tail pipe so they measure the average
temperature of the exhaust gases.
EGT indicating system (reciprocating engine). A system for measuring the exhaust gas temperature
(EGT) of a reciprocating engine to give the pilot an indication of the efficiency with which the fuel-air
mixture inside the cylinders is burning. A thermocouple mounted in the exhaust stack just a few inches
from the cylinder measures the temperature of the exhaust gases as they leave the cylinder.
The fuel-air mixture that produces the highest EGT contains 15 parts of air to one part of fuel, by
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weight. The pilot can lean the fuel-air mixture while watching the EGT indicator until the EGT peaks
(reaches its highest point and then starts back down). When the temperature peaks, the engine is burning a
fuel-air mixture of 0.067 (an air-fuel ratio of 15:1). By enriching the mixture (adding more fuel) until the
temperature drops a specified amount, the pilot knows the fuel-air mixture is correct to develop the most
efficient operation without danger of detonation.
EGT indicator. A thermocouple-type instrument that shows the temperature of the gas leaving the exhaust
valve of a reciprocating engine or in the tail cone of a turbine engine.
EGT of a reciprocating engine is measured by a chromel-alumel thermocouple probe inserted into
one or more exhaust pipes near the cylinder. EGT of a turbine engine is measured by averaging the output
of a series of chromel-alumel thermocouples connected in parallel and arranged around the tail cone just aft
of the last stage of turbine.
EHSI (electronic horizontal situation indicator). An electronic flight instrument that displays navigation
information on a multicolor display. An EHSI is used in conjunction with an EADI.
The information displayed on an EHSI include: magnetic track, aircraft heading, ground speed,
distance to go, VOR course, wind speed and direction, ILS display, and a visual display of the flight plan.
See EADI.
EICAS (engine indication and crew alerting system). An electronic instrument system for modern
turbine-powered aircraft that senses engine parameters and displays them on one of two multicolor display
units on the instrument panel.
The EICAS evaluates changes in any of the parameters and, based on programmed limits, warns
the flight crew of any changes that could signal an impending problem. Only vital information is shown at
all times, but any of the sensed parameters are automatically displayed when they fall outside of their
allowable range of operation.
einsteinium. A synthetic, radioactive chemical element produced by neutron bombardment of uranium in
cyclotrons. Einsteinium whose symbol is Es, and its atomic number is 99 was first discovered in the debris
of a nuclear explosion.
ejection seat (military aircraft component). A type of seat installed in a military aircraft that may be shot
out of the aircraft with a powder charge in the event of an inflight emergency.
ejector (jet pump). A form of jet pump used to pick up a liquid and move it to another location. Ejectors
are used in an aircraft fuel system to assure that the compartment in which the boost pumps are mounted is
kept full of fuel. Part of the fuel from the boost pump flowing through the ejector produces a low pressure
that pulls fuel from the main tank and forces it into the boost-pump sump area.
elasticity. The ability of a material to be elongated, or stretched, by pulling on it, and to return to its
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original size and configuration after the force causing the elongation is removed.
elastic limit (material strength). The maximum amount of tensile load, in pounds per square inch, a
material is able to withstand without being permanently deformed.
Any time a material is loaded to less than its elastic limit and the load is released, the material will
return to its original size and configuration. When loaded beyond its elastic limit, it will deform and not
return to its original condition.
Elastic Stop Nut. The registered trade name of a special type of self-locking nut. A collar of fiber whose
　
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