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render the likelihood of accidents arising therefrom extremely
remote.
1.2.2 Limiting ranges of mass, centre of gravity location,
load distribution, speeds and ambient conditions shall be
established within which compliance with all the pertinent
Standards in this Part is shown, except that combinations of
conditions which are fundamentally impossible to achieve
need not be considered.
Note 1.- The maximum operating mass and centre of
gravity limits may vary, for example, with each altitude and
with each separate operating condition, e.g. take-08 en route,
landing.
Note 2.- The following items, for instance, may be
considered as basic helicopter limitations:
- maximum certificated take-off (including lift-ofl mass;
- maximum certificated ground-taxiing mass;
- maximum certificated landing mass;
-most forward, rearward, and lateral centre of gravity
positions in various configurations; and
-manimum certificated cargo sling mass.
Note 3.- Maximum operating mass may be limited by the
application of Noise Certification Standards (see Annex 16,
Volume I, and Annex 6, Part 111).
1.3 Unsafe features and characteristics
Under all anticipated operating conditions, the helicopter shall
not possess any feature or characteristic that renders it unsafe.
ANNEX 8 IVA-1-1 13/12/07
Annex 8 - Airworthiness of Aircrqfi
1.4 Proof of compliance
1.4.1 Compliance with the appropriate airworthiness
requirements shall be based on evidence either from tests,
calculations, calculations based on tests, or other methods,
provided that in each case the accuracy achieved will ensure a
level of airworthiness equal to that which would be achieved
were direct tests conducted.
1.4.2 The tests of 1.4.1 shall be such as to provide reasonable
assurance that the helicopter, its components and equipment
are reliable and function correctly under the anticipated
operating conditions.
Part IVA
CHAPTER 2. FLIGHT
2.1 General 2.2.2 Minimum performance
2.1.1 Compliance with the Standards prescribed in
Chapter 2 shall be established by flight or other tests
conducted upon a helicopter or helicopters of the type for
which a Certificate of Airworthiness is sought, or by calculations
(or other methods) based on such tests, provided that the
results obtained by calculations (or other methods) are equal in
accuracy to, or conservatively represent, the results of direct
testing.
At the maximum mass scheduled (see 2.2.3) for take-off and
for landing as functions of the take-off or landing site elevation
or pressure-altitude either in the standard atmosphere or in
specified still air atmospheric conditions, and, for water
operations, in specified conditions of smooth water, the
helicopter shall be capable of accomplishing the minimum
performances specified in 2.2.2.1 and 2.2.2.2, respectively, not
considering obstacles, or final approach and take-off area
length.
2.1.2 Compliance with each Standard shall be established Note.- This Standard permits the maximum take-off mass
for all applicable combinations of helicopter mass and centre
of gravity position, within the range of loading conditions for
and maximum landing mass to be scheduled in the helicopter
which certification is sought.
flight manual against, for example at the take-off or landing
site:
2.1.3 Where necessary, appropriate helicopter configura- - or
tions shall be established for the determination of performance
in the various stages of flight and for the investigation of the -pressure-altitude, or
helicopter's flying qualities.
-pressure-altitude and atmospheric temperature,
2.2 Performance
2.2.1 General
2.2.1.1 Sufficient data on the performance of the helicopter
shall be determined and scheduled in the flight manual to
provide operators with the necessary information for the
purpose of determining the total mass of the helicopter on the
basis of the values, peculiar to the proposed flight, of the
relevant operational parameters, in order that the flight may be
made with reasonable assurance that a safe minimum performance
for that flight will be achieved.
2.2.1.2 Achieving the performance scheduled for the helicopter
shall take into consideration human performance and in
particular shall not require exceptional skill or alertness on the
part of the pilot.
Note.- Guidance material on human performance can be
found in the Human Factors Training Manual (Doc 9683).
2.2.1.3 The scheduled performance of the helicopter shall
be consistent with compliance with 1.2.1 and with the operation
in logical combinations of those of the helicopter's
　
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