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ground with as much time as possible for interpretation and
for subsequent manoeuvre necessary to avoid a collision. In
the design of such lights, due account shall be taken of the
conditions under which they may reasonably be expected to
perform these functions.
Note 1.- It is likely that lights will be viewed against a
variety of backgrounds, such as typical city lighting, clear
starry sky, moonlit water and daytime conditions of low background
luminance. Furthermore, collision risk situations are
most likely to arise in terminal control areas in which aircrafl
are manoeuvring in the intermediate and lowerflight levels at
closing speeds that are unlikely to exceed 900 kmnt (500 kt).
Note 2.- See the Airworthiness Manual (Doc 9760) for
detailed technical specifications for exterior lights for
aeroplanes.
8.4.2 Lights shall be installed in aeroplanes so as to
minimize the possibility that they will:
a) adversely affect the satisfactory performance of the
flight crews' duties; or
b) subject an outside observer to harmful dazzle.
Note.- In order to avoid the effects mentioned in
8.4.2, it will be necessary in some cases to provide means
whereby the pilot can switch off or reduce the intensity of the
flashing lights.
* Please refer to 1.1.2 of this part.
ANNEX 8
CHAPTER 9. OPERATING LIMITATIONS AND INFORMATION
9.1 General 9.2.5 Miscellaneous limitations
The operating limitations within which compliance with the Miscellaneous limitations shall include any necessary limi-
Standards of this Annex is determined, together with any other tations with respect to conditions found to be prejudicial to the
information necessary to the safe operation of the aeroplane, safety of the aeroplane (see 1.3.1).
shall be made available by means of an aeroplane flight
manual, markings and placards, and such other means as may
effectively accomplish the purpose. The limitations and infor- 9.2.6 Flight crew limitations
mation shall include at least those prescribed m 9.2, 9.3 and
9.4. The flight mew limitations shall include the minimum numb
of flight crew personnel necessary to operate the aeroplane,
9.2 Operating limitations
Limitations which there is a risk of exceeding in flight and
which are defined quantitatively shall be expressed in suitable
units and corrected if necessary for errors in measurements so
that the flight crew can, by reference to the instruments
available to them, readily determine when the limitations are
reached.
9.2.1 Loading limitations
The loading limitations shall include all limiting masses,
centres of gravity positions, mass distributions and floor
loadings (see 1.3.2).
9.2.2 Airspeed limitations
having regard, among other things, to the accessibility to the
appropriate crew members of all necessary controls and
instruments and to the execution of the established emergency
procedures.
Note.- See Annex 6 - Operation of Aircraft, Parts I and
IZ, for the circumstances in which theflight crew shall include
members in addition to the minimum flight crew defined in this
Annex.
9.2.7 Flying time limitation after system
or power-unit failure
The systems limitations shall include the maximum flying time
for which system reliability has been established in relation to
the approval of operations by aeroplanes with two turbine
power-units beyond the threshold time established in accordance
with 4.7 of Annex 6, Part I.
Note.- The maximum time established in accordance with
4.7 ofA nnex 6. Part I, .fo r a -p articular route may be less than
The airspeed limitations shall include all speeds (see 3.2) that that -determined in accordance with 9.2.7 because of the
are limiting from the standpoint of structural integrity or flying operational considerations involved.
qualities of the aeroplane, or from other consid&tions. These
sheds shall be identified with respect to the appropriate
aeroplane configurations and other pertinent factors. 9.3 Operating information and procedures
9.3.1 Types of eligible operations
9.2.3 Powerplant limitations
There shall be listed the particular types of operations, as may
The powerplant limitations shall include all those established be defined in Annex 6, Parts I and 11, or be generally
for the various powerplant components as installed in the recognized, for which the aeroplane has been shown to be
aeroplane (see 7.1.2 and 7.2.3). eligible by virtue of compliance with the appropriate airworthiness
requirements.
9.2.4 Limitations on equipment and systems
9.3.2 Loading information
The limitations on equipment and systems shall include all
those established for the various equipment and systems as The loading information shall include the empty mass of the
　
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