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-VOR routes with 93 km (50 NM) or less between
VORs: k7.4 km (4 NM);
-VOR routes with up to 278 km (150 NM) between
VORs: f7.4 km (4 NM) up to 46 km (25 NM) from the
VOR then expanding protected airspace up to k1 1.1 km
(6 NM) at 139 km (75 NM) from the VOR.
ANNEX 1 I ATT A-1 1/11/01
Annex 11 -Air Traffic Services Attachment A
VOR Q & 4 &
I
46 km 93 km 139 km 93 km 46 km
(25 NMI (SO NMJ (75 NM) (50 NM1 125 NM1
Figure A-1
3.4 If the appropriate ATS authority considers that a
better protection is required, e.g. because of the proximity of
prohibited, restricted or danger areas, climb or descent paths of
military aircraft, etc., it may decide that a higher level of
containment should be provided. For delineating the protected
airspace the following values should then be used:
-for segments with 93 km (50 NM) or less between
VORs, use the values in line A of the table below;
- for segments with more than 93 km (50 NM) and less
than 278 km (150 NM) between the VORs use the
values given in line A of the table up to 46 km (25 NM),
then expand linearly to the value given in line B at
139 km (75 NM) from the VOR.
Percenruge contuinmenr
95 96 97 98 99 99.5
A(km) k7.4 k7.4 f8.3 +9.3 f10.2 fll.1
(NM) k4.0 f4.0 +4.5 i5.0 S . 5 f6.0
B(km) fll.1 f l l . 1 f12.0 f12.0 f13.0 f15.7
(NM) f6.0 f6.0 f6.5 f6.5 k7.0 f8.5
For example, the protected area for a route of 222 km
(120 NM) between VORs and for which 99.5 per cent
containment is required should have the following shape:
I
I ( 15.1 kmill 5NM) I5 I k r n i 8 . 5 ~ ~ 1 I
I 1 I I
I 1 l 1 Ln (6 NM) 1 1 1 km (6 NMJ I
I 46 km (25 NMI III km(60NMJ 16 km (25 NM) T
I
3.5 If two segments of a VOR-defined ATS route
intersect at an angle of more than 25 degrees, additional
protected airspace should be provided on the outside of the
turn and also on the inside of the turn as necessary. This
additional space is to act as a buffer for increased lateral
displacement of aircraft, observed in practice, during changes
of direction exceeding 25 degrees. The amount of airspace
added varies with the angle of intersection. The greater the
angle, the greater the additional airspace to be used. Guidance
is provided for protected airspace required at turns of no more
than 90 degrees. For the exceptional circumstances which
require an ATS route with a turn of more than 90 degrees,
States should ensure that adequate protected airspace is
provided on both the inside and outside of such turns.
3.6 The following examples have been synthesized from
the practices of two States which use templates to facilitate the
diagramming of airspace for planning purposes. Design of the
turning area templates took into account factors such as
aircraft speed, bank angle in turns, probable wind velocity,
position errors, pilot delays and an intercept angle of at least
30 degrees to achieve the new track, and provides at least
95 per cent containment.
3.7 A template was used to establish the additional
airspace required on the outside of turns to contain aircraft
executing turns of 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 degrees. The
simplified figures below represent the outer limits of this
airspace with the fairing curves removed to allow easy
construction. In each case, the additional airspace is shown for
aircraft flying in the direction of the large arrow. Where routes
are used in both directions, the same additional airspace should
be provided on the other outside boundary.
3.8 Figure A-3 illustrates the application of two segments
intersecting at a VOR, at an angle of 60 degrees.
I I
I I Figure A-3
I I
I
3.9 Figure A-4 illustrates the application for two
segments meeting at a VOR intersection at an angle of
60 degrees beyond the point where boundary splay is required
Figure A-2 in order to comply with 3.3 and Figure A-1.
111 1/01 ATT A-2

Annex I1 -Air Traffic Services Attachment A
4. Spacing of parallel routes
defined by VORs
Note.- The material of this section has been derived from
measured data using the collision-risMarget level of safety
method.
4.1 The collision risk calculation, performed with the data
of the European study mentioned in 1.1 indicates that, in the
type of environment investigated, the distance between route
centre lines (S in Figure A-7) for distances between VORs of
278 km (150 NM) or less should normally be a minimum of:
a) 33.3 km (18 NM) for parallel routes where the aircraft
on the routes fly in opposite direction; and
b) 30.6 km (16.5 NM) for parallel routes where the aircraft
　
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