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shall be notified to the Regional Offices of ICAO for
coordination.
3.6 In areas where no system of fixed routes is
established or where the routes followed by aircraft vary
depending on operational considerations, significant points
shall be determined and reported in terms of World Geodetic
System - 1984 (WGS-84) geographical coordinates, except
that permanently established significant points serving as exit
and/or entry points into such areas shall be designated in
accordance with the applicable provisions in 2 or 3.
4. Use of designators
in communications
4.1 Normally the name selected in accordance with 2 or
3 shall be used to refer to the significant point in voice
communications. If the plain language name for a significant
point marked by the site of a radio navigation aid selected in
accordance with .2.1 is not used, it shall be replaced by the
coded designator which, in voice communications, shall be
spoken in accordance with the ICAO spelling alphabet.
j) safety and search and rescue aspects;
k) the cockpit and air-ground communication workload.
5.3 Reporting points shall be established either as
"compulsory" or as "on-request".
5.4 In establishing "compulsory" reporting points t k
following principles shall apply:
a) compulsory reporting points shall be limited to t h
minimum necessary for the routine provision of information
to air traffic services units on the progress of
aircraft in flight, bearing in mind the need to keep
cockpit and controller workload and air-ground cornmunicatiuns
load to a minimum;
b) the availability of a radio navigation aid at a location
should not necessarily determine its designation as a
compulsory reporting point;
c) compulsory reporting points should not necessarily be
established at flighr information region or control area
boundaries.
4.2 In printed and coded communications, only the coded
designator or the selected name-code shall be used to refer to 5.5 "On-request" reporting points may be established in
a significant point. relation to the requirements of air traffic services for additional
position reports when traffic conditions so demand.
5. Significant points used for
reporting purposes
5.1 In order to permit ATS to obtain information
regarding the progress of aircraft in flight, selected significant
points may need to be designated as reporting points.
5.2 In establishing such points, consideration shall be
given to the following factors:
a) the type of air traffic services provided;
b) the amount of traffic normally encountered;
5.6 The designation of compulsory and on-request
reporting points shall be reviewed regularly with a view to
keeping the requirements for routine position reporting to the
minimum necessary to ensure efficient air traffic services.
5.7 Routine reporting over compulsory reporting points
should not systematically be made mandatory for all flights in
all circumstances. In applying this principle, particular attention
shall be given to the following:
a) high-speed, high-flying aircraft should not be required
to make routine position reports over all reporting points
established as compulsory for low-speed, low-flying
aircraft;
111 1/01 APP 2-2
Appendix 2 Annex 11 - Air Trafle Services
b) aircraft transiting through a terminal control area should
not k. reqnired to make routine position reports as
frequently as arriving and departing aircraft.
5.8 In areas where the above principles regarding the
establishment of reporting points would not be practicable, a
reporting system with reference to meridians of longitude or
parallels of latitude expressed in whole degrees may be
established.
APP 2-3
APPENDIX 3. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE IDENTIFICATION
OF STANDARD DEPARTURE AND ARRIVAL ROUTES
AND ASSOCIATED PROCEDURES
(See Chapter 2, 2.11.3)
Note.- Material relating to the establishment of standard
departure and arrival routes and associated procedures is
contained in the Air Traftic Services Planning Manual
(Doc 9426).
1. Designators for standard departure and arrival
routes and associated procedures
Note.- In the following text the term "route" is used in the
meaning of "route and associated procedures ".
1.1 The system of designators shall:
a) permit the identification of each route in a simple and
unambiguous manner;
b) make a clear distinction between:
- departure routes and amval routes;
- departure or amval routes and other ATS routes;
-routes requiring navigation by reference to groundbased
　
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