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runway surface markings or the lights delineating the
runway or identifying its centre line.
Safety programme. An integrated set of regulations and activities
aimed at improving safety.
Safety management system. A systematic approach to managing
safety, including the necessary organizational structures,
accountabilities, policies and procedures.
SIGMET information. Information issued by a meteorological
watch office concerning the occurrence or expected occurrence
of specified en-route weather phenomena which may
affect the safety of aircraft operations.
Significant point. A specified geographical location used in
defining an ATS route or the flight path of an aircraft and
for other navigation and ATS purposes.
Special VFR flight. A VFR flight cleared by air traffic control
to operate within a control zone in meteorological conditions
below VMC.
Station declination. An alignment variation between the zero
degree radial of a VOR and true north, determined at the
time the VOR station is calibrated.
Taxiing. Movement of an aircraft on the surface of an aerodrome
under its own power, excluding take-off and landing.
Terminal control area. A control area normally established at
the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity of one or more
major aerodromes.
Track. The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually
expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid).
Traffic avoidance advice. Advice provided by an air traffic
services unit specifying manoeuvres to assist a pilot to avoid
a collision.
Traffic information. Information issued by an air traffic
services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air
traffic which may be in proximity to the position or
intended route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a
collision.
Transfer of control point. A defined point located along the
flight path of an aircraft, at which the responsibility for providing
air traffic control service to the aircraft is transferred
from one control unit or control position to the next.
Transferring unit. Air traffic control unit in the process of
transferring the responsibility for providing air traffic control
service to an aircraft to the next air traffic control unit
along the route of flight.
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Uncertainty phase. A situation wherein uncertainty exists as
to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.
VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual
flight rules.
Visual meteorological conditions (VMC). Meteorological
conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from
cloud, and ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
Note.— The specified minima are contained in Annex 2.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
conditions.
Waypoint. A specified geographical location used to define an
area navigation route or the flight path of an aircraft
employing area navigation. Waypoints are identified as
either:
Fly-by waypoint. A waypoint which requires turn anticipation
to allow tangential interception of the next
segment of a route or procedure, or
Flyover waypoint. A waypoint at which a turn is initiated in
order to join the next segment of a route or procedure.
* ISO Standard
19104 — Geographic information — Terminology
19108 — Geographic information — Temporal schema
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2.25 Establishment of requirements for carriage
and operation of pressure-altitude
reporting transponders
States shall establish requirements for carriage and operation
of pressure-altitude reporting transponders within defined
portions of airspace.
Note.— This provision is intended to improve the effectiveness
of air traffic services as well as airborne collision
avoidance systems.
2.26 Safety management
2.26.1 States shall establish a safety programme, in order
to achieve an acceptable level of safety in the provision of
ATS.
2.26.2 The acceptable level of safety to be achieved shall
be established by the State(s) concerned.
Note.— Guidance on safety programmes and on defining
acceptable levels of safety is contained in Attachment E and
the Safety Management Manual (SMM) (Doc 9859).
2.26.3 States shall require, as part of their safety programme,
that an air traffic services provider implements a
　
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